As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 25, 2022

Registration Statement No. 333-266849

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Amendment No. 1

to

FORM S-1

 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

150 N. Sykes Creek Parkway, Suite 200

Merritt Island, FL 32953

(321) 613-5620

(Address and telephone number of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Carol Craig
Chief Executive Officer
Sidus Space, Inc.
150 N. Sykes Creek Parkway, Suite 200

Merritt Island, FL 32953

(321) 613-5620

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:

From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

 The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION DATED AUGUST 25, 2022

Up to 9,127,710 shares of Class A Common Stock

Sidus Space, Inc.

The shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Class A Common Stock”) to which this prospectus relates have been or may be issued by us to B. Riley Principal Capital II, LLC (the “Selling Stockholder”) pursuant to a common stock purchase agreement, dated as of August 10, 2022, we entered into with the Selling Stockholder, which we refer to in this prospectus as the Purchase Agreement. Such shares of Class A Common Stock include (i) up to 9,037,343 shares that we may, in our sole discretion, elect sell to the Selling Stockholder, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and (ii) 90,367 shares of Class A Common Stock we issued to the Selling Stockholder on August 10, 2022 as part of the Commitment Fee (as defined below) and in consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock in one or more purchases that we may, in our sole discretion, direct them to make, from time to time after the date of this prospectus, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

We are not selling any securities under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of our Class A Common Stock by the Selling Stockholder. However, we may receive up to $30,000,000 aggregate gross proceeds under the Purchase Agreement from sales of Class A Common Stock we may elect to make to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement after the date of this prospectus. See “The Committed Equity Financing” for a description of the Purchase Agreement and “Selling Stockholder” for additional information regarding the Selling Stockholder.

The Selling Stockholder may sell or otherwise dispose of all or a portion of the Class A Common Stock being offered in this prospectus in a number of different ways and at varying prices. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflict of Interest)” for more information about how the Selling Stockholder may sell or otherwise dispose of the Class A Common Stock being offered in this prospectus. The Selling Stockholder is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act.

We will bear all costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the shares of Class A Common Stock covered by this prospectus. The Selling Stockholder will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to the sales of its shares of Class A Common Stock. We have also engaged Northland Securities, Inc. to act as a “qualified independent underwriter” in this offering, whose fees and expenses will be borne by the Selling Stockholder. See “Plan of Distribution (Conflict of Interest)” beginning on page 91.

Our Class A Common Stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or Nasdaq, under the symbol “SIDU”. On August 23, 2022, the last reported sales price of our Class A Common Stock, as reported on Nasdaq, was $2.71 per share.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, have elected to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements. This prospectus complies with the requirements that apply to an issuer that is an emerging growth company. We are incorporated in Delaware.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 of this prospectus, and under similar headings in any amendments or supplements to this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is [●], 2022.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using the “shelf” registration process. Under the shelf registration process, the Selling Stockholder may, from time to time, sell the securities described in this prospectus. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale by the Selling Stockholder of the securities described in this prospectus.

You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder will make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where such offer or sale are not permitted. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement. You should not assume that the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than their respective dates. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

We may also provide a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement to add information to, or update or change information contained in, this prospectus. Any statement contained in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified will be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus only as so modified, and any statement so superseded will be deemed not to constitute a part of this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus together with the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement.

For further information about our business and the securities covered by this prospectus, you should refer to the registration statement and its exhibits. The exhibits to our registration statement contain the full text of certain contracts and other important documents we have summarized in this prospectus. Since these summaries may not contain all the information that you may find important in deciding whether to purchase our securities, you should review the full text of these documents. See “Where You Can Find More Information” for more information.

INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

This prospectus contains estimates and other statistical data made by independent parties and by us relating to market size and growth and other data about our industry. We obtained the industry and market data in this prospectus from our own research as well as from industry and general publications, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. This data involves a number of assumptions and limitations and contains projections and estimates of the future performance of the industries in which we operate that are subject to a high degree of uncertainty, including those discussed in “Risk Factors.” We caution you not to give undue weight to such projections, assumptions, and estimates. Further, industry and general publications, studies and surveys generally state that they have been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe that these publications, studies, and surveys are reliable, we have not independently verified the data contained in them. In addition, while we believe that the results and estimates from our internal research are reliable, such results and estimates have not been verified by any independent source.

TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADENAMES

We own or have rights to use a number of registered and common law trademarks, service marks and/or trade names in connection with our business in the United States and/or in certain foreign jurisdictions.

Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, logos and trade names referred to in this prospectus are without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors to these trademarks, service marks and trade names. This prospectus contains additional trademarks, service marks and trade names of others, which are the property of their respective owners. All trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trademarks, service marks, copyrights or trade names to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

We have a trademark for the names BRINGING SPACE DOWN TO EARTH® and SPACE ACCESS REIMAGINED® and pending applications for the names THE EASY BUTTON FOR SPACE™, SUDS AND SATELLITES™, A NEW MULTI-MISSION FOR A MULTI-MISSION CONSTELLATION™ and ACCESSING SPACE REQUIRES A DOWN-TO-EARTH PARTNER™. and

INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this prospectus are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “depends,” “estimate,” “expects,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” or the negative of those terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain those words. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, strategy, short- and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors.” Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, except as required by law, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

You should read this prospectus and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed with the SEC as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect.

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information and financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. It does not contain all the information that may be important to you and your investment decision. You should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the matters set forth under “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. In this prospectus, unless context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Sidus Space” “Sidus,” or “the Company” refer to Sidus Space, Inc.

Overview

Founded in 2012, we are a vertically integrated provider of Space-as-a-Service solutions including end-to-end satellite support. The company combines mission critical hardware manufacturing; multi-disciplinary engineering services; satellite design, manufacture, launch planning, mission operations and in-orbit support; and space-based data collection with a vision to enable space flight heritage status for new technologies and deliver data and predictive analytics to both domestic and global customers. We have over ten (10) years of commercial, military and government manufacturing experience combined with space qualification experience, existing customers and pipeline, and International Space Station (ISS) heritage hardware.

In addition, we are building a Multi-Mission Satellite constellation using our hybrid 3D printed multipurpose satellite to provide continuous, near real-time Earth Observation and Internet-of-Things (IOT) data for the global space economy. We have designed and are manufacturing LizzieSat (LS) for our LEO satellite constellation operating in diverse orbits (28°-98° inclination, 300-650km altitude) as approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in February 2021. LS is expected to begin operations in 2023. Initial launches are planned via NASA CRS2 program agreement and launch service rideshare contracts. Each LS is 100kg with 20kg dedicated to payloads including remote sensing instruments. Payloads (Sidus or customer owned) can collect data over multiple Earth based locations, record it onboard, and downlink via ground passes to Sidus Mission Control Center (MCC) in Merritt Island, FL.

Leveraging our existing manufacturing operations, flight hardware manufacturing experience and commercial off the shelf subsystem hardware, we believe we can deliver customer sensors to orbit in months, rather than years. In addition, we intend on delivering high-impact data for insights on aviation, maritime, weather, space services, earth intelligence and observation, financial technology (Fintech) and the Internet of Things. While our business has historically been centered on the design and manufacture of space hardware, our expansion into manufacture of spacecraft as well as on-orbit constellation management services and space data applications has led us to innovating in the area of space data applications. We continue to patent our products including our satellites, external platforms and other innovations. Our offerings include a broad area of market sub-segments, such as:

Each of these areas and initiatives addresses a critical component of our cradle-to-grave solution and value proposition for the space economy as a Space-as-a-Service company. The majority of our revenues to date have been from our space related hardware manufacturing, however, 2022 revenue to date includes revenue related to our multi-mission constellation and our hybrid 3D printed LizzieSat satellite.

We support a broad range of international and domestic government and commercial companies with its hardware manufacturing including the Department of State, the Department of Defense, NASA, Collins Aerospace, Lockheed Martin, Teledyne Marine, Bechtel, and L3Harris in areas that include launch vehicles, satellite hardware, and autonomous underwater vehicles. Planned services that benefit not only current customers but additional such as Mission Helios include proving out space technologies and delivering space-based data that can provide critical insight for agriculture, commodities tracking, disaster assessment, illegal trafficking monitoring, energy, mining, oil and gas, fire monitoring, classification of vegetation, soil moisture, carbon mass, Maritime AIS, Aviation ADS, weather monitoring, and space services. We plan to own and operate one of the industry’s leading U.S. based low earth orbit (“LEO”) small satellite (“smallsat” or “smallsats”) constellations. Our operating strategy is to continue to enhance the capabilities of our satellite constellation, to increase our international and domestic partnerships and to expand our analytics offerings in order to increase the value we deliver to our customers. Our two operating assets—our satellite constellation and hardware manufacturing capability—are mutually reinforcing and are a result of years of heritage and innovation.

We plan to capitalize on a secular market shift away from static/low frequency satellite imaging and geospatial solutions toward on-demand access of real-time geospatial intelligence. Our strategy is to capitalize on the rapid growth and deployment of millions of low-cost GPS enabled terrestrial, IoT, and space based sensors to provide data to global customers in near real-time. As we are now entering a new commercial space age, the number of commercial sensors on orbit has expanded from a handful of large expensive commercial satellites just a few years ago to now hundreds and in the near future thousands of sensors that will ultimately change the way we see and understand our world. Our mission is to enable our existing and future customers to prove out new technologies for the space ecosystem rapidly and at low cost and also have access to space-based data on-demand for any problem set or business need. We believe we can deliver this at a lower cost than legacy providers due to our vertically integrated cost-efficiencies, capital efficient constellation design, and improved pricing models with improved data accessibility. We believe the combination of the proven flight heritage and years of industry experience of a traditional space company with the disruptive innovation of a new space startup such as our 3D printing of spacecraft and focus on intellectual property makes us very well positioned in the global space economy.

We are Aerospace Basic Quality System Standard (AS) 9100D certified, International Traffic in Arms (ITAR) registered, and have received approval of International Telecommunications Union (ITU) spectrum licensing for both X-Band and S-Band frequencies. We filed for X-band and S-band radio frequencies licensing in February 2021 and were granted approval through a published filing by the ITU on April 4, 2021. Our filing contains approved spectrum use for multiple X-Band and S-Band frequencies and five different orbital planes. Such licenses are held through Aurea Alas, Ltd., an Isle of Man company, a related party to Sidus Space. The ITU is the specialized agency responsible for principles and licensing of the use of orbit and spectrum. Before a satellite can use the spectrum and orbital resources it needs to fulfil its mission, it requires an associated ‘satellite filing’. The filing is a tool to obtain international recognition of these resources and it is a critical component to our offering, enabling users to demonstrate, test, and operate new technologies in space.

Located in Cape Canaveral, Florida, also known as “The Space Coast,” we operate from a 35,000 square foot manufacturing, assembly, integration, and testing facility and as of July 31, 2022, employ 86 individuals with plans for additional growth over the next year.

We continually invest in innovative solutions and as of July 31, 2022 have 12 space related patents approved or pending, a portion of which ownership was transferred to us by our majority shareholder, Craig Technologies, at no charge. Our patented technology includes a print head for regolith-polymer mixture and associated feedstock; a heat transfer system for regolith; a method for establishing a wastewater bioreactor environment; vertical takeoff and landing pad and interlocking pavers to construct same; and high-load vacuum chamber motion feedthrough systems and methods. Regolith is a blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock. It includes dust, broken rocks, and other related materials and is present on Earth, the Moon, Mars, some asteroids, and other terrestrial planets and moons. We continue to patent our products including our satellites, external platforms and other innovations.

Our Growth Strategies

We are focused on empowering end users, developers, channel partners and the organizations they serve to quickly and easily access and integrate real-time geospatial intelligence into their daily operations and also prove out technologies to further grow the space ecosystem. Our growth strategy is driven by the following objectives:

Increase our overall customer base. We are an established heritage aerospace firm that is a part of the political and secular shift towards space-based data coming from commercial satellite and intelligence providers. We have the opportunity to expand our current customer base through a combination of direct and indirect sales strategies. We also plan to grow our direct sales teams and indirect sales channels.

Expand within our current customer base. As our space-as-as-service offerings grows and delivers results, we expect that our current customers will increase their spending on our services.

Continue to penetrate international markets. We have increased our focus on international markets. We have a current pipeline of prospective small underrepresented international governments and firms that can benefit from our support and services.

Grow distribution channels and channel partner ecosystem. We plan to invest in distribution channels and in our relationships with technology partners, solution providers, strategic global system integrators, solution partners, and value-added-resellers to help us enter into and expand in new markets while complementing our direct sales efforts. We have also established a Joint Cooperation and Marketing Agreement with Dhruva, India’s first private space company, to co-market, and sell our services in other countries.

The Committed Equity Financing

On August 10, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement and a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with the Selling Stockholder. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we have the right to sell to the Selling Stockholder up to $30,000,000 of shares of our Class A Common Stock (the “Total Commitment”), subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, from time to time during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Sales of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, are solely at our option, and we are under no obligation to sell any securities to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. In accordance with our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, we have filed the registration statement that includes this prospectus with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the resale by the Selling Stockholder of up to 9,127,710 shares of Class A Common Stock, including (i) up to 9,037,343 shares of Class A Common Stock that we may elect, in our sole discretion, to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder, from time to time from and after the Commencement Date (defined below) under the Purchase Agreement, and (ii) 90,367 shares of Class A Common Stock that we issued to the Selling Stockholder on August 10, 2022 (the “Commitment Shares”) as part of the Commitment Fee (as defined below) and in consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock that we may, in our sole discretion, direct them to make from time to time after the date of this prospectus pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

Upon the initial satisfaction of the conditions to the Selling Stockholder’s purchase obligations set forth in the Purchase Agreement (the “Commencement”), including that the registration statement that includes this prospectus be declared effective by the SEC, we will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the 24-month period beginning on the date the Commencement occurs (the “Commencement Date”), to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase a specified number of shares of Class A Common Stock (each, a “Purchase”), not to exceed the lesser of (such lesser number of shares, the “Purchase Maximum Amount”): (i) 1,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock and (ii) 20.0% of the total aggregate number (or volume) of shares of our Class A Common Stock traded on Nasdaq during the applicable Purchase Valuation Period (as defined below) for such Purchase (such specified number of shares to be purchased by the Selling Stockholder in such Purchase, adjusted to the extent necessary to give effect to the applicable Purchase Maximum Amount and certain additional limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the “Purchase Share Amount”), by timely delivering written notice to the Selling Stockholder (each, a “Purchase Notice”) prior to 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on any trading day (each, a “Purchase Date”), so long as (a) the closing sale price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on the trading day immediately prior to such Purchase Date is not less than $1.00, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Purchase Agreement (such price, as may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, the “Threshold Price”), and (b) all shares of Class A Common Stock subject to all prior purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement have been received by the Selling Stockholder prior to the time we deliver such Purchase Notice to the Selling Stockholder.

The per share purchase price that the Selling Stockholder is required to pay for shares of Class A Common Stock in a Purchase effected by us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be determined by reference to the volume weighted average price of the Class A Common Stock (the “VWAP”), calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, for the period (the “Purchase Valuation Period”) beginning at the official open (or “commencement”) of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase, and ending at the earlier to occur of (i) 3:59 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date or such earlier time publicly announced by the trading market as the official close of the regular trading session on such Purchase Date and (ii) such time that the total aggregate number (or volume) of shares of Class A Common Stock traded on Nasdaq during such Purchase Valuation Period (calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement) reaches the applicable share volume maximum amount for such Purchase (the “Purchase Share Volume Maximum”), calculated by dividing (a) the applicable Purchase Share Amount for such Purchase, by (b) 0.20, less a fixed 3.0% discount to the VWAP for such Purchase Valuation Period.

Under the Purchase Agreement, for purposes of calculating the volume of shares of Class A Common Stock traded during a Purchase Valuation Period, as well as the VWAP for a Purchase Valuation Period, the following transactions, to the extent they occur during such Purchase Valuation Period, are excluded: (x) the opening or first purchase of Class A Common Stock at or following the official open of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase, (y) the last or closing sale of Class A Common Stock at or prior to the official close of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase, and (z) all trades of Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq during such Purchase Valuation Period at a price below the applicable minimum price threshold for such Purchase specified by us in the Purchase Notice for such Purchase, or if we do not specify a minimum price threshold in such Purchase Notice, the minimum price threshold for such Purchase will be a price equal to 75.0% of the closing sale price of the Class A Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase (the “Minimum Price Threshold”).

In addition to the regular Purchases described above, after the Commencement, we will also have the right, but not the obligation, subject to the continued satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase, on any trading day, including the same Purchase Date on which a regular Purchase is effected (if any, although we are not required to effect an earlier regular Purchase on such trading day), a specified number of shares of Class A Common Stock (each, an “Intraday Purchase”), not to exceed the lesser of (such lesser number of shares, the “Intraday Purchase Maximum Amount”): (i) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock and (ii) 20.0% of the total aggregate volume of shares of our Class A Common Stock traded on Nasdaq during the applicable “Intraday Purchase Valuation Period” (determined in the same manner as for a regular Purchase) for such Intraday Purchase (such specified number of shares, adjusted to the extent necessary to give effect to the applicable Intraday Purchase Maximum Amount, the “Intraday Purchase Share Amount”), by the delivery to the Selling Stockholder of an irrevocable written purchase notice, after 10:00 a.m., New York City time (and after the Purchase Valuation Period for any prior regular Purchase (if any) and the Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for the most recent prior Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date (if any) have ended), and prior to 3:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date (each, an “Intraday Purchase Notice”), so long as (i) the closing sale price of the Class A Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to such Purchase Date is not less than the Threshold Price and (ii) all shares of Class A Common Stock subject to all prior Purchases and all prior Intraday Purchases by the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement have been received by the Selling Stockholder prior to the time we deliver such Intraday Purchase Notice to the Selling Stockholder.

The per share purchase price for the shares of Class A Common Stock that we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder in an Intraday Purchase pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be calculated in the same manner as in the case of a regular Purchase (including the same fixed percentage discounts to the applicable VWAP as in the case of a regular Purchase, as described above), provided that the VWAP for each Intraday Purchase effected on a Purchase Date will be calculated over different periods during the regular trading session on Nasdaq on such Purchase Date, each of which will commence and end at different times on such Purchase Date.

There is no upper limit on the price per share that the Selling Stockholder could be obligated to pay for the Class A Common Stock we may elect to sell to it in any Purchase or any Intraday Purchase under the Purchase Agreement. In the case of Purchases and Intraday Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement, if any, all share and dollar amounts used in determining the purchase price per share of Class A Common Stock to be purchased by the Selling Stockholder in a Purchase or an Intraday Purchase (as applicable), or in determining the applicable maximum purchase share amounts or applicable volume or price threshold amounts in connection with any such Purchase or Intraday Purchase (as applicable), in each case, will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction occurring during any period used to calculate such per share purchase price, maximum purchase share amounts or applicable volume or price threshold amounts.

From and after Commencement, we will control the timing and amount of any sales of Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder. Actual sales of shares of Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the Class A Common Stock and determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for its business and its operations.

Under the applicable Nasdaq rules, in no event may we issue to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement more than 3,373,121 shares of Class A Common Stock, which number of shares is equal to 19.99% of the sum of shares of Class A Common Stock and shares of our Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class B Common Stock”), in each case, issued and outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement (the “Exchange Cap”), unless (i) we obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Class A Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules, or (ii) the average price per share paid by the Selling Stockholder for all of the shares of Class A Common Stock that we direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, equals or exceeds $3.44 per share (representing the lower of the official closing price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement and the average official closing price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq for the five consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement, as adjusted pursuant to applicable Nasdaq rules). Moreover, we may not issue or sell any shares of Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of Class A Common Stock then beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Rule 13d-3 thereunder), would result in the Selling Stockholder beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).

The net proceeds to us from sales that we elect to make to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell shares of our stock to the Selling Stockholder. We expect that any proceeds received by us from such sales to the Selling Stockholder will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

There are no restrictions on future financings, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Purchase Agreement or Registration Rights Agreement, other than a prohibition (with certain limited exceptions) on entering into specified “Variable Rate Transactions” (as such term is defined in the Purchase Agreement) during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Such transactions include, among others, the issuance of convertible securities with a conversion or exercise price that is based upon or varies with the trading price of our Common Stock after the date of issuance, or our effecting or entering into an agreement to effect an “equity line of credit” or other substantially similar continuous offering with a third party, in which we may offer, issue or sell Common Stock or any securities exercisable, exchangeable or convertible into Class A Common Stock at a future determined price.

The Selling Stockholder has agreed that none of the Selling Stockholder, its sole member or any entity managed or controlled by the Selling Stockholder or its sole member, or any of their respective officers, will engage in or effect, directly or indirectly, for its own account or for the account of any other of such persons or entities, any short sales of the Class A Common Stock or hedging transaction that establishes a net short position in the Class A Common Stock during the term of the Purchase Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement will automatically terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the first day of the month next following the 24-month anniversary of the Commencement Date, (ii) the date on which the Selling Stockholder shall have purchased from us under the Purchase Agreement shares of Common Stock for an aggregate gross purchase price of $30,000,000, (iii) the date on which the Common Stock shall have failed to be listed or quoted on Nasdaq or another U.S. national securities exchange identified as an “eligible market” in the Purchase Agreement, (iv) the 30th trading day after the date on which a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy proceeding involving our company has been commenced that is not discharged or dismissed prior to such trading day, and (v) the date on which a bankruptcy custodian is appointed for all or substantially all of our property or we make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors.

We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after Commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon ten (10) trading days’ prior written notice to the Selling Stockholder. We and the Selling Stockholder may also agree to terminate the Purchase Agreement by mutual written consent, provided that no termination of the Purchase Agreement will be effective during the pendency of any Purchase or any Intraday Purchase that has not then fully settled in accordance with the Purchase Agreement. Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder may assign or transfer our respective rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement, and no provision of the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement may be modified or waived by us or the Selling Stockholder.

As consideration for the Selling Stockholder’s commitment to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock at our direction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, we paid the Selling Stockholder a commitment fee equal to 2.0% of the Total Commitment under the Purchase Agreement (the “Commitment Fee”), consisting of (i) $300,000 (the “Cash Commitment Fee” and equal to 1.0% of the Total Commitment under the Purchase Agreement) and (ii) 90,367 Commitment Shares, valued at $3.3198 per Commitment Share (representing the 5-day VWAP immediately prior to execution of the Purchase Agreement and having an aggregate value equal to 1.0% of the Total Commitment under the Purchase Agreement). In addition, we have agreed to reimburse the Selling Stockholder for the reasonable legal fees and disbursements of the Selling Stockholder’s legal counsel in an amount not to exceed (i) $75,000 upon our execution of the Purchase Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement and (ii) $5,000 per fiscal quarter, in each case in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. Copies of the agreements have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement that includes this prospectus and are available electronically on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

We do not know what the purchase price for our Class A Common Stock will be and therefore cannot be certain as to the number of shares we might issue to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement after the Commencement Date. As of August 10, 2022, there were 6,874,040 shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding, all of which were held by non-affiliates of our company. Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to $30,000,000 of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, only 9,127,710 shares of our Class A Common Stock are being registered under the Securities Act for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus, which represents (i) the 90,367 Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling Stockholder upon execution of the Purchase Agreement on August 10, 2022 and up to 9,037,343 shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issued to the Selling Stockholder from and after the Commencement Date, if and when we elect to sell shares to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. Depending on the market prices of our Class A Common Stock at the time we elect to issue and sell shares to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, we may need to register under the Securities Act additional shares of our Class A Common Stock for resale by the Selling Stockholder in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to the $30,000,000 available to us under the Purchase Agreement. If all of the 9,127,710 shares offered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, such shares would represent approximately 57% of the total number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and approximately 57% of the total number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock held by non-affiliates of our company, in each case as of August 23, 2022. If we elect to issue and sell more than the 9,127,710 shares offered under this prospectus to the Selling Stockholder, which we have the right, but not the obligation, to do, we must first register under the Securities Act such additional shares of Class A Common Stock for resale by the Selling Stockholder, which could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders.

The number of shares of Class A Common Stock ultimately offered for resale by the Selling Stockholder through this prospectus is dependent upon the number of shares of Class A Common Stock, if any, we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement from and after the Commencement Date. The issuance of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will not affect the rights or privileges of our existing stockholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing stockholders will be diluted. Although the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock that our existing stockholders own will not decrease, the shares of our Class A Common Stock owned by our existing stockholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock after any such issuance.

Risks Related to this Offering

Risks Associated with Our Business

Our business is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in the section titled “Risk Factors” immediately following this Prospectus Summary. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

Corporate Information

We were formed as a limited liability company under the name Craig Technologies Aerospace Solutions, LLC on April 17, 2012. On April 15, 2021, we converted into a Delaware corporation and changed our name to Sidus Space, Inc. on August 13, 2021. Our principal executive offices are located at 150 N. Sykes Creek Parkway, Suite 200, Merritt Island, FL 32953 and our telephone number is (321) 613-5620. Our website address is www.sidusspace.com. The information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider any information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website as part of this prospectus or in deciding whether to purchase our Class A common stock.

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenues during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) enacted in 2012. As an emerging growth company, we expect to take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:

We may use these provisions until the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering. However, if certain events occur prior to the end of such five-year period, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” our annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company prior to the end of such five-year period.

The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As an emerging growth company, we intend to take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards as permitted by The JOBS Act.

To the extent that we continue to qualify as a “smaller reporting company,” as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, after we cease to qualify as an emerging growth company, certain of the exemptions available to us as an emerging growth company may continue to be available to us as a smaller reporting company, including: (i) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes Oxley Act; (ii) scaled executive compensation disclosures; and (iii) the requirement to provide only two years of audited financial statements, instead of three years.

THE OFFERING

The number of shares of Class A Common Stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on 6,964,407 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding as of August 23, 2022, which includes 90,367 Commitment Shares issued to the Selling Stockholder on August 10, 2022 and excludes 1,250,000 shares of Class A Common Stock reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below as well as the other information included in this prospectus, including “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus, before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition, or operating results could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these risks, and, as a result, you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to the Offering

It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the Purchase Agreement to the selling stockholder, or the actual gross proceeds resulting from those sales.

On August 10, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with the Selling Stockholder, pursuant to which the Selling Stockholder has committed to purchase up to the Total Commitment of shares of our Class A Common Stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The shares of our Common Stock that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to the Selling Stockholder at our discretion from time to time over the 24-month period beginning on the Commencement Date.

We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our shares of Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. Sales of our Class A Common Stock, if any, to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to the Selling Stockholder all, some or none of the shares of our Class A Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of Class A Common Stock that we may elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Class A Common Stock at the time we elect to sell shares to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, it is not possible for us to predict, as of the date of this prospectus and prior to any such sales, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock that we will sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, the purchase price per share that the Selling Stockholder will pay for shares purchased from us under the Purchase Agreement, or the aggregate gross proceeds that we will receive from those purchases by the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement.

Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $30,000,000 of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, only 9,127,710 shares of our Class A Common Stock are being registered for resale under the registration statement that includes this prospectus, which include 90,367 Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling Stockholder. If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement more than the 9,127,710 shares being registered for resale under the registration statement that includes this prospectus in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to $30,000,000 under the Purchase Agreement, we must first (i) obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Class A Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap under the Purchase Agreement in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules⁵ and (ii) file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Stockholder of any such additional shares of our Class A Common Stock we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective, in each case before we may elect to sell any additional shares of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. Any issuance and sale by us under the Purchase Agreement of a substantial amount of shares of Class A Common Stock in addition to the 9,127,710 shares of Class A Common Stock being registered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus could cause additional substantial dilution to our stockholders. The number of shares of our Class A Common Stock ultimately offered for sale by the Selling Stockholder is dependent upon the number of shares of Class A Common Stock, if any, we ultimately elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement.

Investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold to the Selling Stockholder. If and when we do elect to sell shares of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, after the Selling Stockholder has acquired such shares, the Selling Stockholder may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from the Selling Stockholder in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from the Selling Stockholder in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to the Selling Stockholder at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of shares to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with the Selling Stockholder may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales.

Our management team will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from our sale of shares of Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, if any, and you may not agree with how we use the proceeds and the proceeds may not be invested successfully.

Our management team will have broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from our sale of shares of Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, if any, and we could use such proceeds for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of commencement of this offering. Accordingly, you will be relying on the judgment of our management team with regard to the use of those net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. It is possible that, pending their use, we may invest those net proceeds in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us. The failure of our management team to use such funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Risk Factors Relating to Our Operations and Business

Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter.

Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter. Risks and challenges we have faced or expects to face include our ability to:

If we fail to address the risks and difficulties that we face, including those associated with the challenges listed above as well as those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Further, because we have limited historical financial data and operate in a rapidly evolving market, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more developed market. We have encountered in the past, and will encounter in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies with limited operating histories in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from its expectations and its business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We have incurred significant losses since inception, we expect to incur losses in the future, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.

We have incurred significant losses since our inception. We incurred net losses of $3,746,138 and $1,542,906 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. While we have generated limited revenue to date, we have not yet achieved production level satellite manufacturing, launch and data activities, and it is difficult for us to predict our future operating results. As a result, our losses may be larger than anticipated, and we may not achieve profitability when expected, or at all, and even if we do, we may not be able to maintain or increase profitability.

We expect our operating expenses to increase over the next several years as we commence production level satellite manufacturing and satellite launch activities, continue to refine and streamline our design and manufacturing processes, make technical improvements, increase our launch cadence, hire additional employees and initiate research and development efforts relating to new products and technologies, including our space services business. These efforts may be more costly than we expect and may not result in increased revenue or growth in our business. Any failure to increase our revenue sufficiently to keep pace with our investments and other expenses could prevent us from achieving or maintaining profitability or positive cash flow. Furthermore, if our future growth and operating performance fail to meet investor or analyst expectations, or if we have future negative cash flow or losses resulting from our investment in acquiring customers or expanding our operations, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may require substantial additional funding to finance our operations, but adequate additional financing may not be available when we need it, on acceptable terms or at all.

In the future, we could be required to raise capital through public or private financing or other arrangements. Such financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could harm our business. For example, the global COVID-19 health crisis and related financial impact has resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption and volatility of global financial markets that could adversely impact our ability to access capital. We may sell equity securities or debt securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner as we may determine from time to time. If we sell any such securities in subsequent transactions, our current investors may be materially diluted. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants and could reduce our operational flexibility or profitability. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, we may not be able to grow our business or respond to competitive pressures.

The success of our business will be highly dependent on our ability to effectively market and sell our commercial satellite manufacturing, launch, and data services for small LEO satellites.

We expect that our success will be highly dependent, especially in the foreseeable future, on our ability to effectively forecast, market and sell our launch and data services for small LEO satellites. We have limited experience in forecasting, marketing and selling such services, and if we are unable to utilize our current or future sales organization effectively in order to adequately target and engage our potential customers, our business may be adversely affected.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to attract new customers in a cost-effective manner. We expect that we will need to make significant investments in order to attract new customers. Our sales growth is dependent upon our ability to implement strategic initiatives, and these initiatives may not be effective in generating sales growth. In addition, marketing campaigns, which we have not historically utilized, can be expensive and may not result in the acquisition of customers in a cost-effective manner, if at all. Further, as our brand becomes more widely known, future marketing campaigns or brand content may not attract new customers at the same rate as past campaigns or brand content. If we are unable to attract new customers, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be harmed.

We have not yet delivered our 3D printed satellites into orbit, and any setbacks we may experience during our first commercial satellite launch and other demonstration and commercial missions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation, and could harm our reputation.

The success of our launch and satellite services business will depend on our ability to successfully and regularly deliver customer satellites into orbit. In November 2019, we successfully launched EFTP, our on-orbit external experimental facility hosted on the NanoRacks International Space Station External Platform (NREP). Additionally, in January of 2020, a microsatellite was successfully launched from the ISS using our SSIKLOPS platform for the STP program office.

There is no guarantee that our planned commercial launches or subsequent commercial launches thereafter will be successful. While we believe that our launch partners have built operational processes to ensure that the design, manufacture, performance and servicing of their launch vehicles and rockets meet rigorous performance goals, there can be no assurance that our launch partners will not experience operational or process failures and other problems during our first commercial launch or any planned launches thereafter. Any failures or setbacks, particularly on our first commercial launches, could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

The market for commercial satellite manufacturing, launch and data services for small LEO satellites is not well established, is still emerging and may not achieve the growth potential we expect or may grow more slowly than expected.

The market for in-space infrastructure services, in particular commercial satellite manufacturing, launch and data services for small LEO satellites, has not been well established and is still emerging. Our estimates for the total addressable launch market and satellite market are based on several internal and third-party estimates, including our contracted revenue, the number of potential customers who have expressed interest in our satellite launch and data services, assumed prices and production costs for our services, assumed flight cadence, our ability to leverage our current manufacturing and operational processes and general market conditions. While we believe our assumptions and the data underlying our estimates are reasonable, these assumptions and estimates may not be correct and the conditions supporting our assumptions or estimates may change at any time, thereby reducing the predictive accuracy of these underlying factors. As a result, our estimates of the annual total addressable market for our services, as well as the expected growth rate for the total addressable market for our services, may prove to be incorrect.

Our ability to grow our business depends on the successful development of our satellites and related technology, which is subject to many uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control.

Our current objectives focus on the development of small satellites and integration capabilities and related technology. If we do not complete this development in our anticipated timeframes or at all, our ability to grow our business will be adversely affected. The successful development of our satellite capabilities and related technology involves many uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:

We routinely conduct hazardous operations in testing of our satellite subsystems, which could result in damage to property or persons. Unsatisfactory performance or failure of our satellites and related technology at launch or during operation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

We manufacture and operate highly sophisticated products for the commercial space, aerospace and defense industries and conduct activities that depend on complex technology. Although there have been and will continue to be technological advances in spaceflight, our operations remain an inherently hazardous and risky activity. Launch failures, explosions and other accidents on launch or during flight have occurred for others and will likely occur in the future.

While we have built operational processes to ensure that the design, manufacture, performance and servicing of our products and related technologies meet rigorous quality standards, there can be no assurance that we will not experience operational or process failures and other problems, including through manufacturing or design defects, cyber-attacks or other intentional acts, that could result in potential safety risks. We may experience a total loss of our customers’ payloads and our own payloads if there is an accident or failure at launch or during the journey into space, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. For some missions, we or our customers can elect to buy launch insurance, which can reduce our monetary losses from any launch failure, but even in this case we will have losses associated with our inability to test our technology in space and delays with further technology development. Any insurance we or our customers have may not be adequate to cover our or their loss, respectively.

Any actual or perceived safety or reliability issues may result in significant reputational harm to our businesses, in addition to tort liability, maintenance, increased safety infrastructure and other costs that may arise. Such issues could result in delaying or cancelling planned launches, increased regulation or other systemic consequences. Our inability to meet our safety standards or adverse publicity affecting our reputation as a result of accidents, mechanical failures, damages to customer property or medical complications could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

We may experience a total loss of our technology and products and our customers’ payloads if there is an accident on launch or during the journey into space, and any insurance we have may not be adequate to cover our loss.

Although there have been and will continue to be technological advances in spaceflight, it is still an inherently dangerous activity. Explosions and other accidents on launch or during the flight have occurred and will likely occur in the future. If such incident should occur, we will likely experience a total loss of our systems, products, technologies and services and our customers’ payloads. The total or partial loss of one or more of our products or customer payloads could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. For some missions, we can elect to buy launch insurance, which can reduce our monetary losses from the launch failure, but even in this case we will have losses associated with our inability to test our technology in space and delays with further technology development.

Any delays in the development and manufacture of satellites and related technology may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have previously experienced, and may experience in the future, delays or other complications in the design, manufacture, launch, production, delivery and servicing ramp of satellites and related technology. If delays like this arise or recur, if our remediation measures and process changes do not continue to be successful or if we experience issues with planned manufacturing improvements or design and safety, we could experience issues in sustaining the ramp of our spaceflight system or delays in increasing production further.

If we encounter difficulties in scaling our delivery or servicing capabilities, if we fail to develop and successfully commercialize our satellites and related technologies, if we fail to develop such technologies before our competitors, or if such technologies fail to perform as expected, are inferior to those of our competitors or are perceived as less safe than those of our competitors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted.

Our customized hardware and software may be difficult and expensive to service, upgrade or replace.

Some of the hardware and software we use in operations is significantly customized and tailored to meet our requirements and specifications and could be difficult and expensive to service, upgrade or replace. Although we expect to maintain inventories of some spare parts, it nonetheless may be difficult, expensive or impossible to obtain replacement parts for the hardware due to a limited number of those parts being manufactured to our requirements and specifications. Also, our business plan contemplates updating or replacing some of the hardware and software in our network as technology advances, but the complexity of our requirements and specifications may present us with technical and operational challenges that complicate or otherwise make it expensive or infeasible to carry out such upgrades and replacements. If we are not able to suitably service, upgrade or replace our equipment, our ability to provide our services and therefore to generate revenue could be harmed.

Our satellites may collide with space debris or another spacecraft, which could adversely affect our operations.

Although we expect to comply with best practices and international orbital debris mitigation requirements to actively maneuver our satellites to avoid potential collisions with space debris or other spacecraft, these abilities are limited by, among other factors, uncertainties and inaccuracies in the projected orbit location of, and predicted collisions with, debris objects tracked and cataloged by governments or other entities. Additionally, some space debris is too small to be tracked and therefore its orbital location is unknown; nevertheless, this debris is still large enough to potentially cause severe damage or a failure of our satellites should a collision occur. If our satellites collide with space debris or other spacecraft, our products and services could be impaired. Also, a failure of one or more of our satellites or the occurrence of equipment failures, collision damage, or other related problems that may result during the de-orbiting process could constitute an uninsured loss and could materially harm our financial condition.

If we are unable to adapt to and satisfy customer demands in a timely and cost-effective manner, or if we are unable to manufacture our products at a quantity and quality that our customers demand, our ability to grow our business may suffer.

The success of our business depends in part on effectively managing and maintaining our space services, manufacturing our products, conducting a sufficient number of launches to meet customer demand and providing customers with an experience that meets or exceeds their expectations. Even if we succeed in developing our products and completing launches within our targeted timeline, we could thereafter fail to develop the ability to produce these products at quantity with a quality management system that ensures that each unit performs as required. Any delay in our ability to produce products or complete launches at rate and with a reliable quality management system could have a material adverse on our business.

If our current or future space services do not meet expected performance or quality standards, including with respect to customer safety and satisfaction, this could cause operational delays. Further, launching satellites within restricted airspace require advance scheduling and coordination with government agencies and range owners and other users, and any high priority national defense assets will have priority in the use of these resources, which may impact our cadence of our space operations or could result in cancellations or rescheduling. Any operational or manufacturing delays or other unplanned changes to our ability to conduct our launches could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to manage our future growth effectively, which could make it difficult to execute our business strategy.

If our operations continue to grow as planned, of which there can be no assurance, we will need to expand our sales and marketing, customer and commercial strategy, products and services, supply, and manufacturing and distribution functions and initiate research and development. We will also need to continue to leverage our manufacturing and operational systems and processes, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to scale the business and the manufacture of spacecraft as currently planned or within the planned timeframe. The continued expansion of our business may also require additional manufacturing and operational facilities, as well as space for administrative support, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to find suitable locations or partners for the manufacture and operation of our products.

Our continued growth could increase the strain on our resources, and we could experience operating difficulties, including difficulties in hiring, training and managing an increasing number of employees, finding manufacturing capacity to produce our products and related equipment, and delays in production and launches. These difficulties may result in the erosion of our brand image, divert the attention of management and key employees and impact financial and operational results. In addition, in order to continue to expand our presence around the globe, we expect to incur substantial expenses as we continue to attempt to streamline our manufacturing process, increase our launch cadence, hire more employees, and fund research and development efforts relating to new products and technologies and expand our business. If we are unable to drive commensurate growth, these costs, which include lease commitments, headcount and capital assets, could result in decreased margins, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our prospects and operations may be adversely affected by changes in consumer preferences and economic conditions that affect demand for satellite services.

Because our business is currently concentrated on commercial satellite manufacturing, launch and data services, we are vulnerable to changes in consumer preferences or other market changes. The global economy has in the past, and will in the future, experience recessionary periods and periods of economic instability. During such periods, our potential customers may choose not to expend the amounts that we anticipate based on our expectations with respect to the addressable market for satellite services. There could be a number of other effects from adverse general business and economic conditions on our business, including insolvency of any of our third-party suppliers or contractors, decreased consumer confidence, decreased discretionary spending and reduced customer or governmental demand for satellites and other products we produce, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Adverse publicity stemming from any incident involving us or our competitors, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are at risk of adverse publicity stemming from any public incident involving our company, our people or our brand. If any of our launch partners’ vehicles or our satellites or those of one of our competitors were to be involved in a public incident, accident or catastrophe, this could create an adverse public perception of satellite launch or manufacturing activities and result in decreased customer demand for launch and satellite services, which could cause a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions and results of operations. Further, if our launch partners’ vehicles or rockets were to be involved in a public incident, accident or catastrophe, we could be exposed to significant reputational harm or potential legal liability. Any reputational harm to our business could cause customers with existing contracts with us to cancel their contracts and could significantly impact our ability to make future sales. The insurance we carry may be inapplicable or inadequate to cover any such incident, accident or catastrophe. In the event that our insurance is inapplicable or not adequate, we may be forced to bear substantial losses from an incident or accident.

If we are unable to maintain relationships with our existing launch partners or enter into relationships with new launch partners, we may be unable to reach our targeted annual launch rate, which could have an adverse effect on our ability to grow our business.

We do not own or operate our own launch vehicles. We rely on third party launch partners to launch our and our customers’ satellites. Part of our strategy involves increasing our launch cadence and reaching approximately 100 satellites launched by 2026. Our ability to achieve such launch cadence targets will depend on our ability to maintain our relationships with our existing launch partners and add new launch partners in the future. We currently have agreements with the International Space Station and Vaya Space and expect to enter into a variety of arrangements to secure additional launch partners. We may in the future experience delays in our efforts to secure additional launch partners. Challenges as a result of regulatory processes or in the ability of our partners to secure the necessary permissions to establish launch sites could delay our ability to achieve our target cadence and could adversely affect our business.

We are dependent on third-party launch vehicles to deliver our systems, products, and technologies into space. If the number of companies offering launch services or the number of launches does not grow in the future or there is a consolidation among companies who offer these services, this could result in a shortage of space on these launch vehicles, which may cause delays in our ability to meet our customers’ needs. Additionally, a shortage of space available on launch vehicles may cause prices to increase or cause delays in our ability to meet our customers’ needs. Either of these situations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Further, if a launch is delayed, our timing for recognition of revenue may be impacted depending on the length of the delay and the nature of the contract with the customers with payloads on such delayed flight. Such a delay in recognizing revenue could materially impact our financial statements or result in negative impacts to our earnings during a specified time period, which could have a material effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain raw materials and supplied components. We may not be able to obtain sufficient raw materials or supplied components to meet our manufacturing and operating needs, or obtain such materials on favorable terms, which could impair our ability to fulfill our orders in a timely manner or increase our costs of production.

Our ability to manufacture our products is dependent upon sufficient availability of raw materials and supplied components, which we secure from a limited number of suppliers. Our reliance on suppliers to secure these raw materials and supplied components exposes us to volatility in the prices and availability of these materials. We may not be able to obtain sufficient supply of raw materials or supplied components, on favorable terms or at all, which could result in delays in manufacture of our products or increased costs.

In addition, we have in the past and may in the future experience delays in manufacture or operation as we go through the requalification process with any replacement third-party supplier, as well as the limitations imposed by International Traffic in Arms Regulations and other restrictions on transfer of sensitive technologies. Additionally, the imposition of tariffs on such raw materials or supplied components could have a material adverse effect on our operations. Prolonged disruptions in the supply of any of our key raw materials or components, difficulty qualifying new sources of supply, implementing use of replacement materials or new sources of supply or any volatility in prices could have a material adverse effect on our ability to operate in a cost-efficient, timely manner and could cause us to experience cancellations or delays of scheduled launches, customer cancellations or reductions in our prices and margins, any of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Failure of third-party contractors could adversely affect our business.

We are dependent on various third-party contractors to develop and provide certain of our components of and processes to our products. Should we experience complications with any of these components and services, we may need to delay our manufacturing activities or delay or cancel scheduled launches. We face the risk that any of our contractors may not fulfill their contracts and deliver their products or services on a timely basis, or at all. We have in the past experienced, and may in the future experience, operational complications with our contractors. The ability of our contractors to effectively satisfy our requirements could also be impacted by such contractors’ financial difficulty or damage to their operations caused by fire, terrorist attack, natural disaster, or other events. The failure of any contractors to perform to our expectations could result in shortages of certain manufacturing or operational components for our spacecraft or delays in spaceflights and harm our business. Our reliance on contractors and inability to fully control any operational difficulties with our third-party contractors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We expect to face intense competition in the commercial space market and other industries in which we may operate.

We face intense competition in the commercial space market and amongst our competitors. Currently, our primary competitors in the commercial satellite market are BlackSky, Spire, Hawkeye-360, LoftOrbital, and IceEye. In addition, we are aware of a significant number of entities actively engaged in developing commercial launch capabilities for small and medium sized satellite payloads, including Virgin Orbit, Relativity, ABL, and Firefly, among others. Many of our current and potential competitors are larger and have substantially greater financial or other resources than we currently have or expect to have in the future, and thus may be better positioned to exploit the market need for small payloads and targeted orbital delivery, which is the focus of our business. They may also be able to devote greater resources to the development of their current and future technologies, which could overlap with our technologies, or the promotion and sale of their products and services. Our competitors could offer small launch vehicles at lower prices, which could undercut our business strategy and potential competitive edge. Our current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative or strategic relationships amongst themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources and offerings relative to ours. Further, it is possible that domestic or foreign companies or governments, some with greater experience in the aerospace industry or greater financial resources than we possess, will seek to provide products or services that compete directly or indirectly with ours in the future. Any such foreign competitor, for example, could benefit from subsidies from, or other protective measures by, its home country.

We believe our ability to compete successfully as a commercial provider of launch and satellite services does and will depend on a number of factors, which may change in the future due to increased competition, including the price of our products and services, consumer satisfaction for the experiences we offer, and the frequency and availability of our products and services. If we are unable to compete successfully, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We may in the future invest significant resources in developing new service offerings and exploring the application of our proprietary technologies for other uses and those opportunities may never materialize.

While our primary focus for the foreseeable future will be on commencing our commercial launch activities, increasing our launch cadence, and fully expanding our satellite operations center, we may also invest significant resources in developing new technologies, services, products, and offerings. However, we may not realize the expected benefits of these investments. These anticipated technologies, however, are unproven and these products or technologies may never materialize or be commercialized in a way that would allow us to generate ancillary revenue streams. Relatedly, if such technologies become viable offerings in the future, we may be subject to competition from our competitors within the commercial launch and satellite industries, some of which may have substantially greater monetary and knowledge resources than we have and expect to have in the future to devote to the development of these technologies. Such competition or any limitations on our ability to take advantage of such technologies could impact our market share, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Such research and development initiatives may also have a high degree of risk and involve unproven business strategies and technologies with which we have limited operating or development experience. They may involve claims and liabilities (including, but not limited to, personal injury claims), expenses, regulatory challenges, and other risks that we may not be able to anticipate. There can be no assurance that customer demand for such initiatives will exist or be sustained at the levels that we anticipate, or that any of these initiatives will gain sufficient traction or market acceptance to generate sufficient revenue to offset any new expenses or liabilities associated with these new investments. Further, any such research and development efforts could distract management from current operations and would divert capital and other resources from our more established offerings and technologies. Even if we were to be successful in developing new products, services, offerings or technologies, regulatory authorities may subject us to new rules or restrictions in response to our innovations that may increase our expenses or prevent us from successfully commercializing new products, services, offerings, or technologies.

If we fail to adequately protect our proprietary intellectual property rights, our competitive position could be impaired and we may lose valuable assets, generate reduced revenue and incur costly litigation to protect our rights.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary intellectual property rights, including certain methodologies, practices, tools, technologies and technical expertise we utilize in designing, developing, implementing, and maintaining applications and processes used in our satellite systems and related technologies. To date, we have relied primarily on trade secrets and other intellectual property laws, non-disclosure agreements with our employees, consultants and other relevant persons and other measures to protect our intellectual property and intend to continue to rely on these and other means, including patent protection, in the future. However, the steps we take to protect our intellectual property may be inadequate, and we may choose not to pursue or maintain protection for our intellectual property in the United States or foreign jurisdictions. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy our technology and use information that we regard as proprietary to create technology that competes with ours.

Further, the laws of some countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights in some foreign countries may be inadequate. To the extent we expand our international activities, our exposure to unauthorized copying and use of our technologies and proprietary information may increase. Accordingly, despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent third parties from infringing upon, misappropriating or otherwise violating our technology and intellectual property.

We rely in part on trade secrets, proprietary know-how and other confidential information to maintain our competitive position. Although we enter into non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements with our employees, enter into non-disclosure agreements with our customers, consultants, and other parties with whom we have strategic relationships and business alliances and enter into intellectual property assignment agreements with our consultants and vendors, no assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to and distribution of our technology and proprietary information. Further, these agreements do not prevent our competitors from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our products.

Protecting and defending against intellectual property claims may have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our success depends in part upon successful prosecution, maintenance, enforcement and protection of our owned and licensed intellectual property.

To protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect these rights. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights and to protect our trade secrets. Such litigation could be costly, time consuming and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our inability to protect our proprietary technology, as well as any costly litigation or diversion of our management’s attention and resources, could disrupt our business, as well as have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The results of intellectual property litigation are difficult to predict and may require us to stop using certain technologies or offering certain services or may result in significant damage awards or settlement costs. There is no guarantee that any action to defend, maintain or enforce our owned or licensed intellectual property rights will be successful, and an adverse result in any such proceeding could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects.

In addition, we may from time-to-time face allegations that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of third parties, including the intellectual property rights of our competitors. We may be unaware of the intellectual property rights that others may claim cover some or all of our technology or services. Irrespective of the validity of any such claims, we could incur significant costs and diversion of resources in defending against them, and there is no guarantee any such defense would be successful, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, contracts, financial condition, operating results, liquidity, and prospects.

Even if these matters do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, these matters, and the time and resources necessary to litigate or resolve them, could divert the time and resources of our management team, and harm our business, our operating results and our reputation.

The majority of our customer contracts may be terminated by the customer at any time for convenience as well as other provisions permitting the customer to discontinue contract performance for cause (for example, if we do not achieve certain milestones on a timely basis). If our contracts are terminated or if we experience any other contract-related risks, our results of operations may be adversely impacted. In addition, some of our customers are government entities, which subjects us to additional risks including early termination, audits, investigations, sanctions, and penalties.

We are subject to a variety of contract-related risks. Some of our existing customer contracts, including those with the government, include provisions allowing the customers to terminate their contracts for convenience, with a termination penalty for at least the amounts already paid, or to terminate the contracts for cause (for example, if we do not achieve certain milestones on a timely basis). Customers that terminate such contracts may also be entitled to a pro rata refund of the amount of the customer’s deposit. In addition, some of our customers are pre-revenue startups or otherwise not fully established companies, which exposes us to a degree of counterparty credit risk.

Part of our strategy is to market our space and satellite manufacturing and launch and data services to key government customers. We expect we may derive limited revenue from contracts with NASA and the U.S. government and may enter into further contracts with the U.S. or foreign governments in the future, and this subjects us to statutes and regulations applicable to companies doing business with the U.S. government, including the Federal Acquisition Regulation. These U.S. government contracts customarily contain provisions that give the government substantial rights and remedies, many of which are not typically found in commercial contracts, and which are unfavorable to contractors. For instance, most U.S. government agencies include provisions that allow the government to unilaterally terminate or modify contracts for convenience, in which case the counterparty to the contract may generally recover only its incurred or committed costs and settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to the termination. If the government terminates a contract for default, the defaulting party may be liable for any extra costs incurred by the government in procuring undelivered items from another source.

Our government contracts may be subject to the approval of appropriations being made by the U.S. Congress to fund the expenditures under these contracts. In addition, government contracts normally contain additional requirements that may increase our costs of doing business, reduce our profits, and expose us to liability for failure to comply with these terms and conditions. These requirements include, for example:

Government contracts are also generally subject to greater scrutiny by the government, which can initiate reviews, audits, and investigations regarding our compliance with government contract requirements. In addition, if we fail to comply with government contract laws, regulations and contract requirements, our contracts may be subject to termination, and we may be subject to financial and/or other liability under our contracts, the Federal Civil False Claims Act (including treble damages and other penalties), or criminal law. In particular, the False Claims Act’s “whistleblower” provisions also allow private individuals, including present and former employees, to sue on behalf of the U.S. government. Any penalties, damages, fines, suspension, or damages could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results. If any customer were to unexpectedly terminate, cancel, or decline to exercise an option to renew with respect to one or more of our significant contracts for any reason, including as a result of our failure to meet certain performance milestones, or if a government customer were to suspend or debar us from doing business with such government, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be materially harmed.

If we commercialize outside the United States, we will be exposed to a variety of risks associated with international operations that could materially and adversely affect our business.

As part of our growth, we aim to establish offices and partnerships outside of the United States. We plan to continue to build our pipeline of global customers to include joint ventures and strategic partnerships. As we expand internationally, we expect that we would be subject to additional risks related to entering into international business relationships, including:

Our business is subject to a wide variety of extensive and evolving government laws and regulations. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations relating to various aspects of our business, including with respect to our satellite system operations, employment and labor, health care, tax, privacy and data security, health and safety, and environmental issues. Laws and regulations at the foreign, federal, state, and local levels frequently change, especially in relation to new and emerging industries, and we cannot always reasonably predict the impact from, or the ultimate cost of compliance with, current or future regulatory or administrative changes. We monitor these developments and devote a significant amount of management’s time and external resources towards compliance with these laws, regulations and guidelines, and such compliance places a significant burden on management’s time and other resources, and it may limit our ability to expand into certain jurisdictions. Moreover, changes in law, the imposition of new or additional regulations or the enactment of any new or more stringent legislation that impacts our business could require us to change the way we operate and could have a material adverse effect on our sales, profitability, cash flows and financial condition.

Failure to comply with these laws, such as with respect to obtaining and maintaining licenses, certificates, authorizations and permits critical for the operation of our business, may result in civil penalties or private lawsuits, or the suspension or revocation of licenses, certificates, authorizations or permits, which would prevent us from operating our business. For example, deploying space assets such as satellites in the United States require licenses and permits from certain agencies of the Department of Transportation, including the Federal Aviation Administration, or FAA, and review by other agencies of the U.S. Government, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or “NOAA”, the Department of Defense, Department of State, NASA, Federal Communications Commission, or the “FCC” and the International Telecommunications Union, or the “ITU”. License approval includes an interagency review of safety, operational, national security, and foreign policy and international obligations implications, as well as a review of foreign ownership. Delays in licensing and approvals allowing us to deploy our commercial satellites could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results.

Moreover, regulation of our industry is still evolving, and new or different laws or regulations could affect our operations, increase direct compliance costs for us or cause any third-party suppliers or contractors to raise the prices they charge us because of increased compliance costs. Application of these laws to our business may negatively impact our performance in various ways, limiting the collaborations we may pursue, further regulating the export and re-export of our products, services, and technology from the United States and abroad, and increasing our costs and the time necessary to obtain required authorization. The adoption of a multi-layered regulatory approach to any one of the laws or regulations to which we are or may become subject, particularly where the layers are in conflict, could require alteration of our manufacturing processes or operational parameters which may adversely impact our business. We may not be in complete compliance with all such requirements at all times and, even when we believe we are in complete compliance, a regulatory agency may determine that we are not. The timing of our satellite deployments may depend on the ability of our partners to secure regulatory licenses from the FAA and the FCC/ITU.

A component of our near-term strategy involves increasing our launch cadence by accelerating our development and production efforts and adding additional launch partners. Our ability to achieve this increased launch cadence within the timeframe in which we hope to do so will depend on the ability of our launch partners to secure the necessary regulatory licenses from the FAA, the FCC/ITU and other regulatory authorities. If our launch partners fail to obtain the licenses necessary to support our anticipated launch cadence, or any delays or hurdles that present in our interactions with the FAA, the FCC/ITU or other regulatory authorities, could impact our ability to grow our business, could delay our ability to execute on our existing and future customer contracts and could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We are subject to stringent U.S. export and import control laws and regulations. Unfavorable changes in these laws and regulations or U.S. government licensing policies, our failure to secure timely U.S. government authorizations under these laws and regulations, or our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operation.

Our business is subject to stringent U.S. import and export control laws and regulations as well as economic sanctions laws and regulations. We are required to import and export our products, software, technology, and services, as well as run our operations in the United States, in full compliance with such laws and regulations, which include the EAR, the ITAR, and economic sanctions administered by the Treasury Department’s OFAC. Similar laws that impact our business exist in other jurisdictions. These foreign trade controls prohibit, restrict, or regulate our ability to, directly or indirectly, export, deemed export, re-export, deemed re-export or transfer certain hardware, technical data, technology, software, or services to certain countries and territories, entities, and individuals, and for end uses. If we are found to be in violation of these laws and regulations, it could result in civil and criminal, monetary and non-monetary penalties, the loss of export or import privileges, debarment, and reputational harm.

Pursuant to these foreign trade control laws and regulations, we are required, among other things, to (i) maintain a registration under the ITAR, (ii) determine the proper licensing jurisdiction and export classification of products, software, and technology, and (iii) obtain licenses or other forms of U.S. government authorization to engage in the conduct of our spaceflight business. The authorization requirements include the need to get permission to release controlled technology to foreign person employees and other foreign persons. Changes in U.S. foreign trade control laws and regulations, or reclassifications of our products or technologies, may restrict our operations. The inability to secure and maintain necessary licenses and other authorizations could negatively impact our ability to compete successfully or to operate our spaceflight business as planned. Any changes in the export control regulations or U.S. government licensing policy, such as those necessary to implement U.S. government commitments to multilateral control regimes, may restrict our operations. Given the great discretion the government has in issuing or denying such authorizations to advance U.S. national security and foreign policy interests, there can be no assurance we will be successful in our future efforts to secure and maintain necessary licenses, registrations, or other U.S. government regulatory approvals.

Under the “Exon-Florio Amendment” to the U.S. Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (the “DPA”), the U.S. President has the power to disrupt or block certain foreign investments in U.S. businesses if he determines that such a transaction threatens U.S. national security. The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”) has been delegated the authority to conduct national security reviews of certain foreign investments. CFIUS may impose mitigation conditions to grant clearance of a transaction.

The Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (“FIRRMA”), enacted in 2018, amended the DPA to, among other things, expand CFIUS’s jurisdiction beyond acquisitions of control of U.S. businesses. Under FIRRMA, CFIUS also has jurisdiction over certain foreign non-controlling investments in U.S. businesses that are involved with critical technology or critical infrastructure, or that collect and maintain sensitive personal data of U.S. citizens (“TID U.S. Businesses”), if the foreign investor receives specified triggering rights in connection with its investment. We are a TID U.S. Business because we develop and design technologies that would be considered critical technologies. Certain foreign investments in TID U.S. Businesses are subject to mandatory filing with CFIUS. These restrictions on the ability of foreign persons to invest in us could limit our ability to engage in strategic transactions that could benefit our stockholders, including a change of control, and could also affect the price that an investor may be willing to pay for our common stock.

Failure to comply with federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.

We collect, store, process, and use personal information and other customer data, and we rely in part on third parties that are not directly under our control to manage certain of these operations and to collect, store, process and use payment information. Due to the volume and sensitivity of the personal information and data we and these third parties manage and expect to manage in the future, as well as the nature of our customer base, the security features of our information systems are critical. A variety of federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations govern the collection, use, retention, sharing and security of this information. Laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection are evolving and subject to potentially differing interpretations. These requirements may not be harmonized, may be interpreted, and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another or may conflict with other rules or our practices. As a result, our practices may not have complied or may not comply in the future with all such laws, regulations, requirements, and obligations.

We expect that new industry standards, laws and regulations will continue to be proposed regarding privacy, data protection and information security in many jurisdictions. We cannot yet determine the impact such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. Complying with these evolving obligations is costly.

As we expand our international presence, we may also become subject to additional privacy rules, many of which, such as the General Data Protection Regulation promulgated by the European Union (the “GDPR”) and national laws supplementing the GDPR, such as in the United Kingdom, are significantly more stringent than those currently enforced in the United States. The law requires companies to meet stringent requirements regarding the handling of personal data of individuals located in the EEA. These more stringent requirements include expanded disclosures to inform customers about how we may use their personal data through external privacy notices, increased controls on profiling customers and increased rights for data subjects (including customers and employees) to access, control and delete their personal data. In addition, there are mandatory data breach notification requirements. The law also includes significant penalties for non-compliance, which may result in monetary penalties of up to the higher of €20.0 million or 4% of a group’s worldwide turnover for the preceding financial year for the most serious violations. The GDPR and other similar regulations require companies to give specific types of notice and informed consent is required for the placement of a cookie or similar technologies on a user’s device for online tracking for behavioral advertising and other purposes and for direct electronic marketing, and the GDPR also imposes additional conditions in order to satisfy such consent, such as a prohibition on pre-checked tick boxes and bundled consents, thereby requiring customers to affirmatively consent for a given purpose through separate tick boxes or other affirmative action.

A significant data breach or any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any federal, state or foreign privacy or consumer protection-related laws, regulations or other principles or orders to which we may be subject or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand and business, and may result in claims, investigations, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others or other penalties or liabilities or require us to change our operations and/or cease using certain data sets. Depending on the nature of the information compromised, we may also have obligations to notify users, law enforcement or payment companies about the incident and may need to provide some form of remedy, such as refunds, for the individuals affected by the incident.

Failures in our technology infrastructure could damage our business, reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.

If our main data center were to fail, or if we were to suffer an interruption or degradation of services at our main data center, we could lose important manufacturing and technical data, which could harm our business. Our facilities are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, cyber security attacks, terrorist attacks, power losses, telecommunications failures, and similar events. In the event that our or any third-party provider’s systems or service abilities are hindered by any of the events discussed above, our ability to operate may be impaired. A decision to close the facilities without adequate notice, or other unanticipated problems, could adversely impact our operations. Any of the aforementioned risks may be augmented if our or any third-party provider’s business continuity and disaster recovery plans prove to be inadequate. The facilities also could be subject to break-ins, computer viruses, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and other misconduct. Any security breach, including personal data breaches, or incident, including cybersecurity incidents, that we experience could result in unauthorized access to, misuse of or unauthorized acquisition of our or our customers’ data, the loss, corruption or alteration of this data, interruptions in our operations or damage to our computer hardware or systems or those of our customers. Moreover, negative publicity arising from these types of disruptions could damage our reputation. We may not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to compensate us for losses that may occur as a result of any events that cause interruptions in our service. Significant unavailability of our services due to attacks could cause users to cease using our services and materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are highly dependent on our senior management team and other highly skilled personnel, and if we are not successful in attracting or retaining highly qualified personnel, we may not be able to successfully implement our business strategy.

Our success depends, in significant part, on the continued services of our senior management team and on our ability to attract, motivate, develop, and retain a sufficient number of other highly skilled personnel, including engineers, manufacturing and quality assurance, design, finance, marketing, sales and support personnel. Our senior management team has extensive experience in the aerospace industry, and we believe that their depth of experience is instrumental to our continued success. The loss of any one or more members of our senior management team, for any reason, including resignation or retirement, could impair our ability to execute our business strategy and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Competition for qualified highly skilled personnel can be strong, and we can provide no assurance that we will be successful in attracting or retaining such personnel now or in the future. We have not yet started production level satellite manufacturing, launch and data operations, and our estimates of the required team size to support our estimated flight rates may require increases in staffing levels that may require significant capital expenditure. Further, any inability to recruit, develop and retain qualified employees may result in high employee turnover and may force us to pay significantly higher wages, which may harm our profitability. Additionally, we only carry key man insurance for our Chief Executive Officer, and the loss of any key employee or our inability to recruit, develop and retain these individuals as needed, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Any acquisitions, partnerships, or joint ventures that we enter into could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

From time to time, we may evaluate potential strategic acquisitions of businesses, including partnerships or joint ventures with third parties, both domestic and international. We may not be successful in identifying acquisition, partnership, and joint venture candidates. In addition, we may not be able to continue the operational success of such businesses or successfully finance or integrate any businesses that we acquire or with which we form a partnership or joint venture. We may have potential write-offs of acquired assets and/or an impairment of any goodwill recorded as a result of acquisitions. Furthermore, the integration of any acquisition may divert management’s time and resources from our core business and disrupt our operations or may result in conflicts with our business. Any acquisition, partnership or joint venture may not be successful, may reduce our cash reserves, may negatively affect our earnings and financial performance and, to the extent financed with the proceeds of debt, may increase our indebtedness. We cannot ensure that any acquisition, partnership, or joint venture we make will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may experience difficulties in integrating the operations of acquired companies into our business and in realizing the expected benefits of these acquisitions.

Acquisitions involve numerous risks, any of which could harm our business and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations. The success of any acquisition will depend in part on our ability to realize the anticipated business opportunities from combining their and our operations in an efficient and effective manner. These integration processes could take longer than anticipated and could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of each company’s ongoing businesses, tax costs or inefficiencies, or inconsistencies in standards, controls, information technology systems, procedures and policies, any of which could adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with customers, employees or other third parties, or our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the acquisitions, and could harm our financial performance. If we are unable to successfully or timely integrate the operations of an acquired company with our business, we may incur unanticipated liabilities and be unable to realize the revenue growth, synergies and other anticipated benefits resulting from the acquisitions, or fully offset the costs of the acquisition, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

We are subject to many hazards and operational risks that can disrupt our business, including interruptions or disruptions in service at our primary facilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our operations are subject to many hazards and operational risks inherent to our business, including general business risks, product liability and damage to third parties, our infrastructure or properties that may be caused by fires, floods and other natural disasters, power losses, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks, human errors and similar events. Additionally, our manufacturing operations are hazardous at times and may expose us to safety risks, including environmental risks and health and safety hazards to our employees or third parties.

Moreover, our operations are entirely based in and around our Cape Canaveral, Florida facility, where our machine shop, production facilities, administrative offices, and engineering functions are located. Any significant interruption due to any of the above hazards and operational to the manufacturing or operation of our facilities, including from weather conditions, growth constraints, performance by third-party providers (such as electric, utility or telecommunications providers), failure to properly handle and use hazardous materials, failure of computer systems, power supplies, fuel supplies, infrastructure damage, disagreements with the owners of the land on which our facilities are located could result in manufacturing delays or the delay or cancellation of our planned commercial satellite launches and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, our insurance coverage may be inadequate to cover our liabilities related to such hazards or operational risks. Moreover, we may not be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable and commercially justifiable, and insurance may not continue to be available on terms as favorable as our current arrangements. The occurrence of a significant uninsured claim, or a claim in excess of the insurance coverage limits maintained by us, could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have not historically obtained and may not maintain launch or in-orbit insurance coverage for our satellites to address the risk of potential systemic anomalies, failures, collisions with our satellites or other satellites or debris, or catastrophic events affecting the existing satellite system. If one or more of our launches result in catastrophic failure or one or more of our in-orbit satellites or payloads fail, and we have not obtained insurance coverage, we could be required to record significant impairment charges for the satellite or payload.

We have not historically obtained and may not maintain launch or in-orbit insurance coverage for our satellites to address the risk of potential systemic anomalies, failures, collisions with our satellites or other satellites or debris, or catastrophic events affecting the existing satellite system. If one or more of our in-orbit uninsured satellites or payloads fail, or one or more of our uninsured satellites is destroyed during failed launch, we could be required to record significant impairment charges for the satellite or payload. We may review the purchase of launch insurance on a case-by-case basis evaluating the launch history of our launch provider, number of satellites to be deployed on the launch vehicle, the status of our constellation, our ability to launch additional satellites in the near term, and the cost of insurance, among other factors. As a result of our case-by-case evaluation process, we have procured launch insurance for our next four upcoming launches, which policies are subject to the typical terms and conditions regarding, among other things, cancellation and scope of coverage. We do not maintain third-party liability insurance with respect to our satellites. Accordingly, we currently have no insurance to cover any third-party damages that may be caused by any of our satellites, including personal and property insurance. If we experience significant uninsured losses, such events could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Natural disasters, unusual weather conditions, epidemic outbreaks, global health crises, terrorist acts and political events could disrupt our business and flight schedule.

The occurrence of one or more natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, fires, floods and earthquakes, unusual weather conditions, epidemic outbreaks, terrorist attacks or disruptive political events in certain regions where our facilities are located, or where our third-party contractors’ and suppliers’ facilities are located, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Severe weather, such as rainfall, snowfall, or extreme temperatures, may impact the ability of our satellite launch and data services to be carried out as planned, resulting in additional expense to reschedule such service, thereby reducing our sales and profitability. Terrorist attacks, actual or threatened acts of war or the escalation of current hostilities, or any other military or trade disruptions impacting our domestic or foreign suppliers of components of our products, may impact our operations by, among other things, causing supply chain disruptions and increases in commodity prices, which could adversely affect our raw materials or transportation costs. These events also could cause or act to prolong an economic recession in the United States or abroad. To the extent these events also impact one or more of our suppliers or contractors or result in the closure of any of their facilities or our facilities, commence our commercial satellite launch activities as planned or thereafter increase our launch cadence. In addition, the disaster recovery and business continuity plans we have in place currently are limited and are unlikely to prove adequate in the event of a serious disaster or similar event. We may incur substantial expenses as a result of the limited nature of our disaster recovery and business continuity plans and, more generally, any of these events could cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease, which could adversely impact our commercial satellite manufacturing, launch and data operations.

Our operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations or any guidance we may provide.

Our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate significantly, which makes it difficult for us to predict our future operating results. These fluctuations may occur due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including, but not limited to:

The individual or cumulative effects of factors discussed above could result in large fluctuations and unpredictability in our quarterly and annual operating results. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful.

This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any guidance we may provide, or if the guidance we provide is below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated guidance we may provide.

We may become involved in litigation that may materially adversely affect us.

From time to time, we may become involved in various legal proceedings relating to matters incidental to the ordinary course of our business, including intellectual property, commercial, product liability, employment, class action, whistleblower and other litigation and claims, and governmental and other regulatory investigations and proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources from the operation of our business, and cause us to incur significant expenses or liability or require us to change our business practices. Because of the potential risks, expenses, and uncertainties of litigation, we may, from time to time, settle disputes, even where we believe that we have meritorious claims or defenses. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, we cannot assure you that the results of any of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on our business.

We have been focused on developing satellite manufacturing and launch capabilities and services since 2013. This limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter.

Because we have limited historical financial data and operate in a rapidly evolving market, any predictions about its future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more developed market. We have encountered in the past, and will encounter in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies with limited operating histories in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

The markets for commercial satellite manufacturing, launch and data services have not been well established as the commercialization of space is a relatively new development and is rapidly evolving. Our estimates for the total addressable markets for satellite launch and data services are based on a number of internal and third-party estimates, including our contracted revenue and sales pipeline, assumed prices at which we can offer services, assumed frequency of service, our ability to leverage our current manufacturing and operational processes and general market conditions. As a result, our estimates of the annual total addressable markets for in-space infrastructure services, as well as the expected growth rate for the total addressable market for that experience, may prove to be incorrect.

We are subject to environmental regulation and may incur substantial costs.

We are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws, regulations, and ordinances relating to the protection of the environment, including those relating to emissions to the air, discharges to surface and subsurface waters, safe drinking water, greenhouse gases and the management of hazardous substances, oils and waste materials. Federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment may require a current or previous owner or operator of real estate to investigate and remediate hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases at or from the property. Under federal law, generators of waste materials, and current and former owners or operators of facilities, can be subject to liability for investigation and remediation costs at locations that have been identified as requiring response actions. Compliance with environmental laws and regulations can require significant expenditures. In addition, we could incur costs to comply with such current or future laws and regulations, the violation of which could lead to substantial fines and penalties.

We may have to pay governmental entities or third parties for property damage and for investigation and remediation costs that they incurred in connection with any contamination at our current and former properties without regard to whether we knew of or caused the presence of the contaminants. Liability under these laws may be strict, joint and several, meaning that we could be liable for the costs of cleaning up environmental contamination regardless of fault or the amount of waste directly attributable to us. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by these environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. Environmental liabilities could arise and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and performance. We do not believe, however, that pending environmental regulatory developments in this area will have a material effect on our capital expenditures or otherwise materially adversely affect its operations, operating costs, or competitive position.

The COVID-19 pandemic has and could continue to negatively affect various aspects of our business, make it more difficult for us to meet our obligations to our customers, and result in reduced demand for our products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China, and it has since spread throughout other parts of the world, including the United States. Any outbreak of contagious diseases or other adverse public health developments could have a material adverse effect on our business operations. These impacts to our operations have included and could again in the future include disruptions or restrictions on the ability of our employees and customers to travel or our ability to pursue collaborations and other business transactions, travel to customers and/or conduct live demonstrations of our products, oversee the activities of our third-party manufacturers and suppliers. We may also be impacted by the temporary closure of the facilities of suppliers, manufacturers, or customers.

In an effort to halt the outbreak of COVID-19, a number of countries, including the United States, placed significant restrictions on travel and many businesses announced extended closures. These travel restrictions and business closures have and may in the future adversely impact our operations locally and worldwide, including our ability to manufacture, market, sell or distribute our products. Such restrictions and closure have caused or may cause temporary closures of the facilities of our suppliers, manufacturers, or customers. A disruption in the operations of our employees, suppliers, customers, manufacturers, or access to customers would likely impact our sales and operating results. We are continuing to monitor and assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our commercial operations; however, we cannot at this time accurately predict what effects these conditions will ultimately have on our operations due to uncertainties relating to the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak and speed of vaccinations, and the length of the travel restrictions and business closures imposed by the governments of impacted countries. In addition, a significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for our products and likely impact our operating results.

Changes in tax laws or regulations may increase tax uncertainty and adversely affect results of our operations and our effective tax rate.

We are subject to taxes in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions. Due to economic and political conditions, tax rates in various jurisdictions, including the United States, may be subject to change. Our future effective tax rates could be affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in tax laws or their interpretation. In addition, we may be subject to income tax audits by various tax jurisdictions. Although we believe our income tax liabilities are reasonably estimated and accounted for in accordance with applicable laws and principles, an adverse resolution by one or more taxing authorities could have a material impact on the results of our operations. Further, we may be unable to utilize our net operating losses in the event a change in control is determined to have occurred.

Our Chief Executive Officer, Carol Craig, is also the Chief Executive Officer of CTC, our principal stockholder, and may allocate her time to such other business thereby causing conflicts of interest in her determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs.

Our Chief Executive Officer, Carol Craig, is also the Chief Executive Officer of CTC and may not commit her full time to our affairs, which may result in a conflict of interest in allocating her time between our business and the other business. Ms. Craig spends approximately 50 hours per week working for us. Furthermore, our Chief Executive Officer is not obligated to contribute any specific number of her or his hours per week to our affairs. If other business affairs require our Chief Executive Officer to devote more amounts of time to other affairs, including the business of CTC, it could limit her ability to devote time to our affairs and could have a negative impact on our ability to implement our plan of operation.

If we fail to comply with the rules under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 related to accounting controls and procedures in the future, or, if we discover additional material weaknesses and other deficiencies in our internal control and accounting procedures, our stock price could decline significantly and raising capital could be more difficult. Our management determined that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls were ineffective as of December 31, 2021, and if they continue to be ineffective could result in material misstatements in our financial statements.

If we fail to comply with the rules under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 related to disclosure controls and procedures in the future, or, if we discover material weaknesses and other deficiencies in our internal control and accounting procedures, our stock price could decline significantly and raising capital could be more difficult. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires annual management assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. As of December 31, 2021, our management has determined that we had a material weakness in our control environment with respect to inadequate segregation of duties in our accounting and financial reporting functions due to not having enough personnel in our accounting and financial reporting functions. If additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies are discovered or if we otherwise fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal control, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Moreover, effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to helping prevent financial fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our business and operating results could be harmed, investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, and the trading price of our Class A common stock could drop significantly.

Risks Related to our Relationship with Craig Technical Consulting, Inc.

CTC controls the direction of our business, and the concentrated ownership of our common stock will prevent you and other stockholders from influencing significant decisions.

As of July 31, 2022, CTC owns a 93.6% of the economic interest and voting power of our outstanding common stock. As long as CTC beneficially controls a majority of the voting power of our outstanding Class B Common Stock, it will generally be able to determine the outcome of all corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors. Even if CTC were to control less than a majority of the voting power of our outstanding Class B Common Stock, it may influence the outcome of such corporate actions so long as it owns a significant portion of our Class B Common Stock. If CTC continues to hold its shares of our Class B Common Stock, it could remain our controlling stockholder for an extended period of time or indefinitely.

We may be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq rules and, as a result, may qualify for, and may rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to stockholders of other companies.

As a result of the concentration of ownership of our outstanding common stock, we may be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of the Nasdaq rules. Under these rules, a listed company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements.

As a controlled company, we may rely on certain exemptions from the Nasdaq standards that may enable us not to comply with certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements if CTC continues to control a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market.

The ownership by our Chief Executive Officer of shares of CTC common stock may create, or may create the appearance of, conflicts of interest.

The ownership by our Chief Executive Officer of shares of CTC common stock may create, or may create the appearance of, conflicts of interest. Ownership by our Chief Executive Officer of common stock of CTC, creates, or, may create the appearance of, conflicts of interest when she is faced with decisions that could have different implications for CTC than the decisions have for us. Our Chief Executive Officer has agreed to recuse herself with respect to voting on any matter coming before either CTC’s or our board of directors related to our relationship with CTC, although she will still be permitted to participate in discussions and negotiations. Any perceived conflicts of interest resulting from investors questioning the independence of our management or the integrity of corporate governance procedures may materially affect our stock price.

Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock

We are currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. If we are unable to maintain listing of our securities on Nasdaq or any stock exchange, our stock price could be adversely affected and the liquidity of our stock and our ability to obtain financing could be impaired and it may be more difficult for our stockholders to sell their securities.

Although our Class A Common Stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, we may not be able to continue to meet the exchange’s minimum listing requirements or those of any other national exchange. If we are unable to maintain listing on Nasdaq or if a liquid market for our Class A Common Stock does not develop or is sustained, our Class A Common Stock may remain thinly traded.

The listing rules of Nasdaq require listing issuers to comply with certain standards in order to remain listed on its exchange. If, for any reason, we should fail to maintain compliance with these listing standards and Nasdaq should delist our securities from trading on its exchange and we are unable to obtain listing on another national securities exchange, a reduction in some or all of the following may occur, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our stockholders:

The dual-class structure of our common stock as contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, has the effect of concentrating voting control with those stockholders who held our Class B Common Stock prior to our initial public offering. This ownership will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents, and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or other major corporate transactions requiring stockholder approval, and that may adversely affect the trading price of our Class A Common Stock.

Our Class B Common Stock has ten votes per share, and our Class A Common Stock, which is the stock that we sold in our initial public offering, has one vote per share. CTC holds all of the issued and outstanding shares of our Class B Common Stock, representing approximately 93.6% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. In addition, because of the ten-to-one voting ratio between our Class B and Class A Common Stock, the holder of our Class B Common Stock could continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock and therefore control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval until converted by our Class B Common stockholder. This concentrated control may limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transactions requiring stockholder approval. In addition, this concentrated control may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our capital stock that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our stockholders. As a result, such concentrated control may adversely affect the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

Future transfers by holders of Class B Common Stock will generally result in those shares converting to Class A Common Stock, subject to limited exceptions as specified in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, such as transfers to family members and certain transfers effected for estate planning purposes. The conversion of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B Common Stock who retain their shares in the long term. As a result, it is possible that one or more of the persons or entities holding our Class B Common Stock could gain significant voting control as other holders of Class B Common Stock sell or otherwise convert their shares into Class A Common Stock.

We cannot predict the effect our dual-class structure may have on the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

We cannot predict whether our dual-class structure will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our Class A Common Stock, adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. For example, certain index providers have announced and implemented restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indices. In July 2017, FTSE Russell announced that it would require new constituents of its indices to have greater than 5% of the company’s voting rights in the hands of public stockholders, and S&P Dow Jones announced that it would no longer admit companies with multiple-class share structures to certain of its indices. Affected indices include the Russell 2000 and the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600, which together make up the S&P Composite 1500. Also in 2017, MSCI, a leading stock index provider, opened public consultations on its treatment of no-vote and multi-class structures and temporarily barred new multi-class listings from certain of its indices; however, in October 2018, MSCI announced its decision to include equity securities “with unequal voting structures” in its indices and to launch a new index that specifically includes voting rights in its eligibility criteria. Under such announced and implemented policies, the dual-class structure of our common stock would make us ineligible for inclusion in certain indices and, as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track those indices would not invest in our Class A Common Stock. These policies are relatively new and it is unclear what effect, if any, they will have on the valuations of publicly-traded companies excluded from such indices, but it is possible that they may adversely affect valuations, as compared to similar companies that are included. Due to the dual-class structure of our common stock, we will likely be excluded from certain indices and we cannot assure you that other stock indices will not take similar actions. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indices, exclusion from certain stock indices would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make our Class A Common Stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of our Class A Common Stock could be adversely affected.+

Our principal stockholders will continue to have significant influence over the election of our board of directors and approval of any significant corporate actions, including any sale of the company.

Our founders, executive officers, directors, and other principal stockholders, in the aggregate, beneficially own a majority of our outstanding stock. These stockholders currently have, and likely will continue to have, significant influence with respect to the election of our board of directors and approval or disapproval of all significant corporate actions. The concentrated voting power of these stockholders could have the effect of delaying or preventing an acquisition of the company or another significant corporate transaction.

We could be subject to securities class action litigation.

In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against companies following a decline in the market price of their securities. This risk is especially relevant for us because biotechnology companies have experienced significant share price volatility in recent years. If we face such litigation, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could harm our business.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for the shares and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Class A Common Stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our Class A Common Stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our Class A Common Stock would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our common stock to decline.

We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, and you must rely on price appreciation of your shares of Class A Common Stock for return on your investment.

We have paid no cash dividends on any class of our stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the near term. For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our stock. Accordingly, investors must be prepared to rely on sales of their shares after price appreciation to earn an investment return, which may never occur. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our shares. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our board deems relevant.

We will incur increased costs as a public company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices.

As a public company, and particularly after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we will incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur previously. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”), the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of Nasdaq, and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on U.S. reporting public companies, including the establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect that these rules and regulations may make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, which in turn could make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified senior management personnel or members for our board of directors. In addition, these rules and regulations are often subject to varying interpretations, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. Pursuant to Section 404 of SOX (“Section 404”), we will be required to furnish a report by our senior management on our internal control over financial reporting.

While we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To prepare for eventual compliance with Section 404, once we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we will be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404.

We are an “emerging growth company,” and the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“the JOBS Act”). For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of our initial public offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of our prior second fiscal quarter, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

In addition, under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies may delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We may elect not to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, may be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our share price may be more volatile.

Anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.

Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions which could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our board of directors. Our corporate governance documents include provisions:

These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management.

As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation law, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock.

Any provision of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Class A common stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees.

Our certificate of incorporation requires that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for each of the following:

provided, that, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismisses any of the foregoing actions for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, any such action or actions may be brought in another state court sitting in the State of Delaware.

The exclusive forum provision is limited to the extent permitted by law, and it will not apply to claims arising under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or for any other federal securities laws which provide for exclusive federal jurisdiction.

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock are deemed to have notice of and consented to this provision.

Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring such a claim arising under the Securities Act against us, our directors, officers, or other employees in a venue other than in the federal district courts of the United States of America. In such instance, we would expect to vigorously assert the validity and enforceability of the exclusive forum provisions of our second amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

Although we believe this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, this provision may limit or discourage a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We note that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce the provision and that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Although we believe this provision benefits us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law in the types of lawsuits to which it applies, the provision may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.

THE COMMITTED EQUITY FINANCING

On August 10, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement with the Selling Stockholder. Under the Purchase Agreement, from and after the Commencement Date, we will have the right to sell to the Selling Stockholder up to the Total Commitment of shares of our Class A Common Stock, subject to certain limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, from time to time during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Sales of Class A Common Stock by us to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any such sales, are solely at our option, and we are under no obligation to sell any securities to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. In accordance with our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, we have filed the registration statement that includes this prospectus with the SEC to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Stockholder of up to 9,127,710 shares of Class A Common Stock, consisting of (i) 90,367 Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling Stockholder as part of the Commitment Fee and in consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock at our election under the Purchase Agreement, and (ii) up to 9,037,343 shares of Class A Common Stock that we may elect, in our sole discretion, to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, from time to time from and after the Commencement Date.

We do not have the right to commence any sales of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement until the Commencement Date, which is the date on which all of the conditions to the Selling Stockholder’s purchase obligation set forth in the Purchase Agreement have initially been satisfied, including that the registration statement that includes this prospectus be declared effective by the SEC. From and after the Commencement Date, we will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the 24-month period beginning on the Commencement Date, to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase up to a specified maximum amount of shares of Class A Common Stock in one or more Purchases and Intraday Purchases as set forth in the Purchase Agreement, by timely delivering a written Purchase Notice for each Purchase, and timely delivering a written Intraday Purchase Notice for each Intraday Purchase, if any, to the Selling Stockholder in accordance with the Purchase Agreement on any trading day we select as the Purchase Date therefor, so long as (i) the closing sale price of our Class A Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to such Purchase Date is not less than the Threshold Price and (ii) all shares of Class A Common Stock subject to all prior Purchases and all prior Intraday Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement have been received by the Selling Stockholder prior to the time we deliver such notice to the Selling Stockholder.

From and after Commencement, the Company will control the timing and amount of any sales of Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder. Actual sales of shares of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of our Class A Common Stock and determinations by us as to the appropriate sources of funding for our company and its operations.

Under the applicable Nasdaq rules, in no event may we issue to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement shares of Class A Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap, which is 3,373,121 shares of Class A Common Stock (such number of shares equal to 19.99% of the sum of shares of Class A Common Stock and shares of our Class B Common Stock, in each case, issued and outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement), unless (i) we obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Class A Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules, or (ii) the average price per share paid by the Selling Stockholder for all of the shares of Class A Common Stock that we direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, equals or exceeds $3.44 per share (representing the lower of the official closing price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement and the average official closing price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq for the five consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement, as adjusted pursuant to applicable Nasdaq rules). Moreover, we may not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of Class A Common Stock then beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-3 thereunder), would result in the Selling Stockholder beneficially owning shares of Class A Common Stock in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, which is defined in the Purchase Agreement as 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock.

The net proceeds to us from sales that we elect to make to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell shares of our stock to the Selling Stockholder. We expect that any proceeds received by us from such sales to the Selling Stockholder will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Neither we nor the Selling Stockholder may assign or transfer our respective rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement, and no provision of the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement may be modified or waived by us or the Selling Stockholder.

As consideration for the Selling Stockholder’s commitment to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock at our direction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, upon execution of the Purchase Agreement, we paid the Selling Stockholder the Commitment Fee equal to 2.0% of the Total Commitment under the Purchase Agreement, consisting of (i) the $300,000 Cash Commitment Fee” (equal to 1.0% of the Total Commitment under the Purchase Agreement) and (ii) 90,367 Commitment Shares, valued at $3.3198 per Commitment Share (representing the 5-day VWAP immediately prior to execution of the Purchase Agreement and having an aggregate value equal to 1.0% of the Total Commitment under the Purchase Agreement). In addition, we have agreed to reimburse the Selling Stockholder for the reasonable legal fees and disbursements of the Selling Stockholder’s legal counsel in an amount not to exceed (i) $75,000 upon our execution of the Purchase Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement and (ii) $5,000 per fiscal quarter, in each case in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement.

The Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. Copies of the agreements have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement that includes this prospectus and are available electronically on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Purchases of Class A Common Stock Under the Purchase Agreement

Purchases

From and after the Commencement Date, we will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion over the 24-month period beginning on the Commencement Date, to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase a specified number of shares of Class A Common Stock, not to exceed the applicable Purchase Maximum Amount, in a Purchase under the Purchase Agreement, by timely delivering a written Purchase Notice to the Selling Stockholder, prior to 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on any trading day we select as the Purchase Date for such Purchase, so long as:

The Purchase Maximum Amount applicable to such Purchase will be equal to the lesser of:

The actual number of shares of Class A Common Stock that the Selling Stockholder will be required to purchase in a Purchase, which we refer to as the Purchase Share Amount, will be equal to the number of shares that we specify in the applicable Purchase Notice, subject to adjustment to the extent necessary to give effect to the applicable Purchase Maximum Amount and other applicable limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, including the Beneficial Ownership Limitation and, if then applicable, the Exchange Cap.

The per share purchase price that the Selling Stockholder will be required to pay for the Purchase Share Amount in a Purchase effected by us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be equal to the VWAP of our Class A Common Stock for the applicable Purchase Valuation Period on the Purchase Date for such Purchase, less a fixed 3.0% discount to the VWAP for such Purchase Valuation Period. The Purchase Valuation Period for a Purchase is defined in the Purchase Agreement as the period beginning at the official open (or “commencement”) of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase, and ending at the earlier to occur of:

Under the Purchase Agreement, for purposes of calculating the volume of shares of Class A Common Stock traded during a Purchase Valuation Period, including for purposes of determining whether the applicable Purchase Share Volume Maximum for a Purchase has been reached, and for purposes of calculating the VWAP of our Class A Common Stock for the applicable Purchase Valuation Period, the following transactions, to the extent they occur during such Purchase Valuation Period, are excluded: (x) the opening or first purchase of Class A Common Stock at or following the official open of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase, (y) the last or closing sale of Class A Common Stock at or prior to the official close of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase, and (z) all trades of Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq during such Purchase Valuation Period at a price below the applicable Minimum Price Threshold for such Purchase specified by us in the Purchase Notice for such Purchase, or if we do not specify a Minimum Price Threshold in such Purchase Notice, the Minimum Price Threshold for such Purchase will be a price equal to 75.0% of the closing sale price of the Class A Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase.

Intraday Purchases

In addition to the regular Purchases described above, after the Commencement, we will also have the right, but not the obligation, subject to the continued satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, to direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase, on any trading day we select as the Purchase Date therefor (including the same Purchase Date on which an earlier regular Purchase was effected by us (as applicable), although we are not required to effect an earlier regular Purchase on such Purchase Date in order to effect an Intraday Purchase on such Purchase Date), a specified number of shares of Class A Common Stock, not to exceed the applicable Intraday Purchase Maximum Amount, in an Intraday Purchase under the Purchase Agreement, by timely delivering a written Intraday VWAP Purchase Notice to the Selling Stockholder, after 10:00 a.m., New York City time (and after the Purchase Valuation Period for any prior regular Purchase (if any) and the Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for the most recent prior Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date (if any) have ended), and prior to 3:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date, so long as:

The Intraday Purchase Maximum Amount applicable to such Intraday Purchase will be equal to the lesser of:

The actual number of shares of Class A Common Stock that the Selling Stockholder will be required to purchase in an Intraday Purchase, which we refer to as the Intraday Purchase Share Amount, will be equal to the number of shares that we specify in the applicable Intraday Purchase Notice, subject to adjustment to the extent necessary to give effect to the applicable Intraday Purchase Maximum Amount and other applicable limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement, including the Beneficial Ownership Limitation and, if then applicable, the Exchange Cap.

The per share purchase price that the Selling Stockholder will be required to pay for the Intraday Purchase Share Amount in an Intraday Purchase effected by us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be calculated in the same manner as in the case of a regular Purchase, except that the VWAP used to determine the purchase price for the Intraday Purchase Share Amount to be purchased in an Intraday Purchase will be equal to the VWAP for the applicable Intraday Purchase Valuation Period on the Purchase Date for such Intraday Purchase, less a fixed 3.0% discount to the VWAP for such Intraday Purchase Valuation Period. The Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for an Intraday Purchase is defined in the Purchase Agreement as the period during the regular trading session on Nasdaq on such Purchase Date, beginning at the latest to occur of:

and ending at the earlier to occur of:

As with regular Purchases, for purposes of calculating the volume of shares of Class A Common Stock traded during an Intraday Purchase Valuation Period, including for purposes of determining whether the applicable Intraday Purchase Share Volume Maximum for an Intraday Purchase has been reached, and for purposes of calculating the VWAP of our Class A Common Stock for the applicable Intraday Purchase Valuation Period, the following transactions, to the extent they occur during such Intraday Purchase Valuation Period, are excluded: (x) the opening or first purchase of Class A Common Stock at or following the official open of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date for such Intraday Purchase, (y) the last or closing sale of Class A Common Stock at or prior to the official close of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date for such Intraday Purchase, and (z) all trades of Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq during such Intraday Purchase Valuation Period at a price below the applicable Minimum Price Threshold for such Intraday Purchase specified by us in the Intraday Purchase Notice for such Intraday Purchase, or if we do not specify a Minimum Price Threshold in such Intraday Purchase Notice, the Minimum Price Threshold for such Intraday Purchase will be a price equal to 75.0% of the closing sale price of the Class A Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to the applicable Purchase Date for such Intraday Purchase.

We may, in our sole discretion, timely deliver multiple Intraday Purchase Notices to the Selling Stockholder prior to 3:30 p.m., New York City time, on a single Purchase Date to effect multiple Intraday Purchases on such same Purchase Date, provided that the Purchase Valuation Period for any earlier regular Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date (as applicable) and the Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for the most recent prior Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date have ended prior to 3:30 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date, and so long as all shares of Class A Common Stock subject to all prior Purchases and all prior Intraday Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement, including those effected earlier on the same Purchase Date (as applicable), have been received by the Selling Stockholder prior to the time we deliver to the Selling Stockholder a new Intraday Purchase Notice to effect an additional Intraday Purchase on the same Purchase Date as an earlier regular Purchase (as applicable) and one or more earlier Intraday Purchases effected on such same Purchase Date.

The terms and limitations that will apply to each subsequent additional Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date will be the same as those applicable to any earlier regular Purchase (as applicable) and any earlier Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date as such subsequent additional Intraday Purchase, and the per share purchase price for the shares of Class A Common Stock that we elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder in each subsequent additional Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date as an earlier regular Purchase (as applicable) and/or earlier Intraday Purchase(s) effected on such Purchase Date will be calculated in the same manner as in the case of such earlier regular Purchase (as applicable) and such earlier Intraday Purchase(s) effected on the same Purchase Date as such subsequent additional Intraday Purchase, with the exception that the Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for each subsequent additional Intraday Purchase will begin and end at different times (and may vary in duration) during the regular trading session on such Purchase Date, in each case as determined in accordance with the Purchase Agreement.

In the case of Purchases and Intraday Purchases effected by us under the Purchase Agreement, if any, all share and dollar amounts used in determining the purchase price per share of Class A Common Stock to be purchased by the Selling Stockholder in a Purchase or an Intraday Purchase (as applicable), or in determining the applicable maximum purchase share amounts or applicable volume or price threshold amounts in connection with any such Purchase or Intraday Purchase (as applicable), in each case, will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction occurring during any period used to calculate such per share purchase price, maximum purchase share amounts or applicable volume or price threshold amounts.

At or prior to 5:30 p.m., New York City time, on the applicable Purchase Date for a Purchase and/or Intraday Purchase, the Selling Stockholder will provide us with a written confirmation for such Purchase and/or Intraday Purchase, as applicable, setting forth the applicable purchase price (both on a per share basis and the total aggregate purchase price) to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of Class A Common Stock purchased by the Selling Stockholder in such Purchase and/or Intraday Purchase, as applicable.

The payment for, against delivery of, shares of Class A Common Stock purchased by the Selling Stockholder in any Purchase or any Intraday Purchase under the Purchase Agreement will be fully settled within two (2) trading days immediately following the applicable Purchase Date for such Purchase or such Intraday Purchase (as applicable), as set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

Conditions Precedent to Commencement and Each Purchase

The Selling Stockholder’s obligation to accept VWAP Purchase Notices and Intraday VWAP Purchase Notices that are timely delivered by us under the Purchase Agreement and to purchase shares of our Class A Common Stock in Purchases and Intraday Purchases under the Purchase Agreement, are subject to (i) the initial satisfaction, at the Commencement, and (ii) the satisfaction, at the applicable “Purchase Condition Satisfaction Time” (as such terms are defined in the Purchase Agreement) on the applicable Purchase Date for each Purchase and Intraday Purchase after the Commencement Date, of the conditions precedent thereto set forth in the Purchase Agreement, all of which are entirely outside of the Selling Stockholder’s control, which conditions including the following:

Termination of the Purchase Agreement

Unless earlier terminated as provided in the Purchase Agreement, the Purchase Agreement will terminate automatically on the earliest to occur of:

We have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after Commencement, at no cost or penalty, upon 10 trading days’ prior written notice to the Selling Stockholder. We and the Selling Stockholder may also terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time by mutual written consent.

the Selling Stockholder also has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement upon 10 trading days’ prior written notice to us, but only upon the occurrence of certain events, including:

No termination of the Purchase Agreement by us or by the Selling Stockholder will become effective prior to the fifth trading day immediately following the date on which any pending Purchase and any pending Intraday Purchase has been fully settled in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement, and no termination will affect any of our respective rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement with respect to any pending Purchase, any pending Intraday Purchase, the Commitment Shares, the Cash Commitment Fee, and any fees and disbursements of the Selling Stockholder’s legal counsel in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement. Both we and the Selling Stockholder have agreed to complete our respective obligations with respect to any such pending Purchase and any pending Intraday Purchase under the Purchase Agreement. Furthermore, no termination of the Purchase Agreement will affect the Registration Rights Agreement, which will survive any termination of the Purchase Agreement.

No Short-Selling or Hedging by the Selling Stockholder

The Selling Stockholder has agreed not to engage in or effect, directly or indirectly, for its own principal account or for the principal account of its sole member, any of its or its sole member’s respective officers, or any entity managed or controlled by it or its sole member, any (i) “short sale” (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Class A Common Stock or (ii) hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Class A Common Stock, during the term of the Purchase Agreement.

Prohibition on Variable Rate Transactions

Subject to specified exceptions included in the Purchase Agreement, we are limited in our ability to enter into specified “Variable Rate Transactions” (as such term is defined in the Purchase Agreement) during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Such transactions include, among others, the issuance of convertible securities with a conversion or exercise price that is based upon or varies with the trading price of our Class A Common Stock after the date of issuance, or our effecting or entering into an agreement to effect an “equity line of credit” or other substantially similar continuous offering with a third party, in which we may offer, issue or sell Class A Common Stock or any securities exercisable, exchangeable or convertible into Class A Common Stock at a future determined price.

Effect of Sales of our Class A Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement on our Stockholders

All shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issued or sold by us to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement that are being registered under the Securities Act for resale by the Selling Stockholder in this offering are expected to be freely tradable. The shares of Class A Common Stock being registered for resale in this offering may be issued and sold by us to the Selling Stockholder from time to time at our discretion over a period of up to 24 months commencing on the Commencement Date. The resale by the Selling Stockholder of a significant amount of shares registered for resale in this offering at any given time, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to decline and to be highly volatile. Sales of our Class A Common Stock, if any, to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to the Selling Stockholder all, some or none of the shares of our Class A Common Stock that may be available for us to sell to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

If and when we do elect to sell shares of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, after the Selling Stockholder has acquired such shares, the Selling Stockholder may resell all, some or none of such shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion and at different prices. As a result, investors who purchase shares from the Selling Stockholder in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices for those shares, and so may experience different levels of dilution and in some cases substantial dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase from the Selling Stockholder in this offering as a result of future sales made by us to the Selling Stockholder at prices lower than the prices such investors paid for their shares in this offering. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of shares to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with the Selling Stockholder may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales.

Because the purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for the shares of Class A Common Stock that we may elect to sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will fluctuate based on the market prices of our Class A Common Stock during the applicable Purchase Valuation Period for each Purchase, and during the applicable Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for each Intraday Purchase, made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, as of the date of this prospectus it is not possible for us to predict the number of shares of Class A Common Stock that we will sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement, the actual purchase price per share to be paid by the Selling Stockholder for those shares, or the actual gross proceeds to be raised by us from those sales, if any. As of August 10, 2022, there were 6,874,040 shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding, all of which were held by non-affiliates. Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to an aggregate of $30,000,000 of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, only 3,373,121 shares of our Class A Common Stock (representing the maximum number of shares of Class A Common Stock we may issue and sell under the Purchase Agreement under the Exchange Cap limitation) are being registered for resale under the registration statement that includes this prospectus. If all of the 9,127,710 shares offered for resale by the Selling Stockholder under this prospectus were issued and outstanding as of August 10, 2022, such shares would represent approximately 57% of the total number of shares of our Class A Common Stock outstanding and approximately 57% of the total number of outstanding shares held by non-affiliates, in each case as of August 10, 2022.

If it becomes necessary for us to issue and sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement more shares than are being registered for resale under this prospectus in order to receive aggregate gross proceeds equal to $30,000,000 under the Purchase Agreement, we must first (i) obtain stockholder approval to issue shares of Class A Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap under the Purchase Agreement in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules and (ii) file with the SEC one or more additional registration statements to register under the Securities Act the resale by the Selling Stockholder of any such additional shares of our Class A Common Stock we wish to sell from time to time under the Purchase Agreement, which the SEC must declare effective, in each case before we may elect to sell any additional shares of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. The number of shares of our Class A Common Stock ultimately offered for sale by the Selling Stockholder is dependent upon the number of shares of Class A Common Stock, if any, we ultimately sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement.

The issuance of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will not affect the rights or privileges of our existing stockholders, except that the economic and voting interests of each of our existing stockholders will be diluted. Although the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock that our existing stockholders own will not decrease, the shares of our Class A Common Stock owned by our existing stockholders will represent a smaller percentage of our total outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock after any such issuance.

The following table sets forth the amount of gross proceeds we would receive from the Selling Stockholder from our sale of shares of Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement at varying purchase prices:

(1) Excluding the 90,367 Commitment Shares that we issued to the Selling Stockholder. Although the Purchase Agreement provides that we may sell up to $30,000,000 of our Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder, we are only registering 9,127,710 shares under the registration statement that includes this prospectus, which may or may not cover all of the shares we ultimately sell to the Selling Stockholder under the Purchase Agreement. We will not issue more than an aggregate of 3,373,121 shares of our Class A Common Stock (the Exchange Cap, unless otherwise approved by our stockholders or if the average price per share paid by the Selling Stockholder for all of the shares of Class A Common Stock that we direct the Selling Stockholder to purchase from us pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, equals or exceeds $3.44 per share). The number of shares to be issued as set forth in this column (i) gives effect to the Exchange Cap and (ii) is without regard for the Beneficial Ownership Limitation.

(2) The denominator is based on 6,930,771 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding as of August 10, 2022 (which, for these purposes, includes the 90,367 Commitment Shares we issued to the Selling Stockholder on August 10, 2022), adjusted to include the issuance of the number of shares set forth in the adjacent column that we would have sold to the Selling Stockholder, assuming the average purchase price in the first column. The numerator is based on the number of shares issuable under the Purchase Agreement (that are the subject of this offering) at the corresponding assumed average purchase price set forth in the first column.

(3) The closing sale price of our Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq on August 23, 2022.

USE OF PROCEEDS

This prospectus relates to shares of our Class A Common Stock that may be offered and sold from time to time by the Selling Stockholder. All of the common stock offered by the Selling Stockholder pursuant to this prospectus will be sold by the Selling Stockholder for its own account. We will not receive any of the proceeds from these sales. We may receive up to $30 million aggregate gross proceeds under the Purchase Agreement from any sales we make to the Selling Stockholder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The net proceeds from sales, if any, under the Purchase Agreement, will depend on the frequency and prices at which we sell shares of Class A Common Stock to the Selling Stockholder after the date of this prospectus. See the section titled “Plan of Distribution (Conflict of Interest)” elsewhere in this prospectus for more information.

We expect to use any proceeds that we receive under the Purchase Agreement for investment in growth and general corporate purposes. We have not yet determined the amount of net proceeds to be used specifically for any of the foregoing purposes. Accordingly, we retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from the sale of our Class A Common Stock under the Purchase Agreement. The precise amount and timing of the application of such proceeds will depend upon our liquidity needs and the availability and cost of other capital over which we have little or no control. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses, and the respective amounts we may allocate to those uses, for any net proceeds we receive. Accordingly, we will retain broad discretion over the use of these proceeds. Pending our use of the net proceeds as described above, we intend to invest the net proceeds pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in interest-bearing, investment-grade instruments.

We have engaged Northland, a registered broker-dealer and FINRA member, to be the qualified independent underwriter in this offering and, in such capacity, participate in the preparation of the registration statement that includes this prospectus and exercise the usual standards of “due diligence” with respect thereto. The Selling Stockholder has agreed to pay Northland a cash fee of $50,000 upon the completion of this offering as consideration for its services and to reimburse Northland up to $5,000 for expenses incurred in connection with acting as the qualified independent underwriter in this offering.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon a number of factors, including our results of operations, financial condition, future prospects, contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and other factors our board of directors deems relevant.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and plan of operations together with “Selected Financial Data” and our financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this prospectus. All amounts in this report are in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted.

Overview of Operations

We are a space-as-a-service company focused on commercial satellite design, manufacture, launch, and data collection with a vision to enable space flight heritage status for new technologies and deliver data and predictive analytics to both domestic and global customers. We are building an all-inclusive space-as-a-service platform for the global space economy. We are developing and plan to launch 100 kg (220-pound) satellites with available space to rapidly integrate customer sensors and technologies. By developing a plug-and-play operating system for space, we believe we can deliver customer sensors to orbit in months, rather than years. In addition, we intend on delivering high-impact data for insights on aviation, maritime, weather, space services, earth intelligence and observation, financial technology (Fintech) and the Internet of Things. Our revenues to date have been from our space related manufacturing offerings and we have not generated revenue from our constellation space offering.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021

Revenue

The increase in non-related party revenue of 732% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to approximately $1.48 million as compared to approximately $178,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was primarily driven by increased sales staff which allowed for more aggressive pursuit of customers. Contracts increased as a result of the timing of industry needs, and proposals submitted. The increase in revenue from related parties of 575% to approximately $368,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022 from approximately $54,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was driven by larger contracts our related party entered into with its customers, resulting in it outsourcing more of its work to us.

Cost of Revenue

The increase in cost of revenue of 420% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 to approximately $1.5 million as compared to approximately $288,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was driven by increased materials purchases and other direct costs related to our increased revenue. As a manufacturing entity, materials and other direct costs are a percentage of revenue. The percent change in the cost of revenue was smaller than the percent increase in revenue due to a decrease in labor intensive contracts and an increase in our higher margin Satellite-as-a-Service business line.

Gross Profit (Loss)

The increase in our gross profit of approximately $403,000 or 718% to a gross profit of approximately $347,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to a gross loss of approximately $56,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 is primarily attributable to an increase in revenue and a decrease in labor intensive contracts and an increase in our higher margin Satellite-as-a-Service business line.

Operating Expenses

Overall operating expenses increased by $2.33 million to approximately $2.75 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to approximately $418,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021. The increase is primarily attributed to an increase in our payroll expenses to approximately $1.39 million from $222,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021, as a result of an expansion of our staff, an increase in sales and marketing expenses to $112,000 from $23,000 primarily driven by increased general marketing and investor relations consulting expense, an increase in our lease expenses to $86,000 from $46,000 as a result of our leasing more space for our expansion, an increase in our professional fees from approximately $20,000 to approximately $132,000, which includes increased legal and accounting fees as a result of being a public company, and an increase in our other general and administrative costs to $977,000 from $98,000 for the prior period, which is related to an increase in the size of our Company.

Total other income (expense)

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we had interest expense of $58,420, consisting of $52,474 related to interest on notes payable and notes payable – related party, $6,127 related to the financing of our insurance policies, a credit of $320 related to financing of our equipment leases which were paid off in the quarter and $139 for interest related to credit cards.

During the three months ended June 30, 2021, we had miscellaneous expense of $74, interest expense of $21,537 related to a note payable related party, $256 PPP loan interest and $1,255 related to financing of our equipment leases.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021

Revenue

The increase in non-related party revenue of 880% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to approximately $2.84 million as compared to approximately $290,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 was primarily driven by increased sales staff which allowed for more aggressive pursuit of customers. Contracts increased as a result of the timing of industry needs, and proposals submitted. The increase in revenue from related parties of 742% to approximately $807,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 from approximately $96,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 was driven by larger contracts our related party entered into with its customers, resulting in it outsourcing more of its work to us.

Cost of Revenue

The increase in cost of revenue of 303% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 to $2.32 million as compared to approximately $576,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 was driven by increased materials purchases and other direct costs related to our increased revenue. As a manufacturing entity, materials and other direct costs are a percentage of revenue. The percent change in the cost of revenue was smaller than the percent increase in revenue due to a decrease in labor intensive contracts and an increase in our higher margin Satellite-as-a-Service business line.

Gross Profit (Loss)

The increase in our gross profit of approximately $1.52 million or 795% to a gross profit of approximately $1.33 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to a gross loss of approximately $191,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 is primarily attributable to an increase in revenue and a decrease in labor intensive contracts and an increase in our higher margin Satellite-as-a-Service business line.

Operating Expenses

Overall operating expenses increased by $5.19 million to approximately $5.99 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to approximately $803,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The increase is primarily attributed to an increase in our payroll expenses to $2.14 million from $443,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as a result of an expansion of our staff, an increase in sales and marketing expenses to $202,000 from $71,000 primarily driven by increased general marketing and investor relations consulting expense, an increase in our lease expenses to $171,000 from $84,000 as a result of our leasing more space for our expansion, an increase in our professional fees from approximately $30,000 to approximately $1.45 million, which includes a one-time charge of $1.2 million in stock-based consulting fees for investor relations as well as increased legal and accounting fees as a result of being a public company, and an increase in our other general and administrative costs to $1.95 million from $159,000 for the prior period, which is related to investment in infrastructure and company growth as well as incremental costs of being a public company.

Total other income (expense)

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we had interest expense of $124,328, consisting of $92,443 related to interest on notes payable and $18,115 related to notes payable – related party, $12,001 related to the financing of our insurance policies, $1,327 related to financing of our equipment leases which were paid off in the quarter and $442 for interest related to credit cards.

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we had gain on forgiveness of PPP loan of $324,460, miscellaneous expense of $504, interest expense of $25,438 related to a note payable related party and $1,255 related to financing of our equipment leases.

Year Ended December 31, 2021 to Year Ended December 31, 2020

The following table provides certain selected financial information for the periods presented:

Revenue

The decrease in non-related party revenue of 52% for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $789,000 as compared to approximately $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was driven by negative impacts as a result of the Covid-19 global pandemic and due to the uneven nature of contract business. The increase in revenue from related parties of 252% to approximately $619,000 from approximately $176,000 was driven by our related party outsourcing more of its work to us as opposed to outside sources.

Cost of Revenue

The decrease in cost of revenue of 1% for the year ended December 31, 2021 to $1.77 million as compared to approximately $1.78 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was driven by fewer materials purchases and other direct costs as a percentage of revenue. As a manufacturing entity, materials and other direct costs are a percentage of revenue. The percent change in the cost of revenue was less than the percent change in revenue due to increased costs due to inflationary pressure on labor costs and raw materials as compared to fixed rate contracts for work.

Gross Profit (Loss)

The increase in our gross loss of approximately $387,000 or 1,865% for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to a gross profit of approximately $21,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020 is primarily attributable to a reduction in revenue and an increase in labor intensive contracts. Additionally, costs of both labor and materials increased due to inflationary pressures as a result of a strong job market and supply chain constraints.

Operating Expenses

Overall operating expenses increased by $1.6 million to approximately $3.15 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to approximately $1.55 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase is primarily attributed to an increase in our payroll expenses to $1.5 million from $905,012 for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily as a result of an expansion of our staff, an increase in our lease expenses to $253,311 from $159,122 as a result of our leasing more space for our expansion, an increase in our professional fees from approximately $19,000 to approximately $335,00 as a result of preparing for our initial public offering and an increase in our other general and administrative costs to $948,000 from $278,000 for the prior period, which is related to an increase in the size of our Company.

Total other income (expense)

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we had gain on forgiveness of PPP loan of $633,830, other expense of $504, financing expense related to our IPO of $768,905 and interest expense of $97,027.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we had other income of $10,000 as a result of EIDL grants, other miscellaneous expenses of $1,500 and interest expense of $18,269.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table provides selected financial data about us as of June 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.

We had an accumulated deficit of $20.2 million and working capital of $8.1 million as of June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2022, we had $6.8 million of cash.

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the working capital surplus is due to funds raised through equity sales in relation to our initial public offering in December, 2021.

Current assets decreased by $5.1 million to $10.9 million as of June 30, 2022 from $16.0 million as of December 31, 2021. The decrease is primarily attributable to incurring a net loss during the first six months as a result of our Company’s expansion in operations.

Current liabilities decreased by approximately $948,000 to approximately $2.9 million as of June 30, 2022 from $3.8 million as of December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily the result of the forgiveness by Craig Technical Consulting, Inc. of Notes payable - related party of $1.0 million.

Cash Flow

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Six Months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we did not generate positive cash flows from operating activities. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, net cash flows used in operating activities was approximately $5.0 million compared to approximately $331,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Cash flows used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 is comprised of a net loss of $4.79 million, which was reduced by non-cash expenses of $1.2 million for one-time stock-based consulting fees and $171,000 for depreciation and amortization, and an increase in net change in working capital of approximately $1.59 million.

For the six months ended June 30, 2021, net cash flows used in operating activities comprised of a net loss of approximately $697,000, which was reduced by non-cash expenses of approximately $195,000 for depreciation and amortization, a decrease in net change in working capital of approximately $484,000 and a gain on forgiveness of a PPP note of $324,000.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we purchased property and equipment in the amount of approximately $859,000 and $30,000 respectively.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, net cash used in financing activities of approximately $1.08 million included payments of approximately $148,000 to pay off our finance leases, repayments of notes payable of approximately $134,000 and repayments of notes payable – related party to Craig Technical Consulting, Inc., our principal stockholder, of $797,500.

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities of $387,000 included bank overdraft of $56,000, approximately $90,000 due to shareholder, proceeds from our majority shareholder of $307,000 and was offset by the repayment of notes payable of approximately $16,000 and payments on our finance leases of approximately $50,000.

Years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we did not generate positive cash flows from operating activities. For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash flows used in operating activities was approximately $2.5 million compared to approximately $1.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Cash flows used in operating activities for the year ended 2021, comprised of a net loss of $3.7 million, which was reduced by non-cash expenses of $1.4 million for stock based compensation, financing expenses and depreciation and amortization, an increase due to the forgiveness of PPP loans of approximately $634,000 and a net change in working capital of approximately $520,000.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash flows used in operating activities comprised of a net loss of approximately $1.5 million, which was reduced by non-cash expenses of approximately $464,000 for depreciation and amortization, and increased in a net change in working capital of approximately $509,000.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we purchased property and equipment in the amount of approximately $218,000 and approximately $4,500 respectively.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities of approximately $16.4 million included proceeds from our initial public offering in December, 2021 of approximately $16.3 million, net proceeds from notes payable of approximately $307,000, payments on our finance leases of approximately $75,000, repayments of notes payable of approximately $16,000 and repayments of notes payable to CTC, our principal stockholder, of $250,000. During the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities of $1.5 million included proceeds from our majority shareholder of $1.6 million, proceeds from a PPP loan of approximately $322,000 and was offset by the repayment of notes payable of approximately $63,000, payments on our finance leases of approximately $260,000.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on Form 10-K, we believe that the following accounting policies are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s judgments and estimates.

We believe our most critical accounting policies and estimates relate to the following:

Revenue Recognition

We adopted ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers using the modified retrospective transition approach. The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue should be recognized in a manner that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled for exchange of those goods or services. Our updated accounting policies and related disclosures are set forth below, including the disclosure for disaggregated revenue. The impact of adopting ASC 606 was not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our revenue is recognized under Topic 606 in a manner that reasonably reflects the delivery of our services and products to customers in return for expected consideration and includes the following elements:

These five elements, as applied to each our revenue category, is summarized below:

Revenues from fixed price contracts that are still in progress at month end are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the percentage of total costs incurred to date to the estimated total costs for each contract. This method is used because management considers total costs to be the best available measure of progress on these contracts. Revenue from fixed price contracts and time-and-materials contracts that are completed in the month the work was started are recognized when the work is shipped. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five steps: identify the contract with the client, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract and recognize revenues when or as we satisfy a performance obligation.

Revenues from fixed price service contracts that contain provisions for milestone payments are recognized at the time of the milestone being met and payment received. This method is used because management considers that the payments are nonrefundable unless the entity fails to perform as promised. If the customer terminates the contract we are entitled only to retain any progress payments received from the customer and we have no further rights to compensation from the customer. Even though the payments made by the customer are nonrefundable, the cumulative amount of those payments is not expected, at all times throughout the contract, to at least correspond to the amount that would be necessary to compensate us for performance completed to date. Accordingly, we account for the progress under the contract as a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five steps: identify the contract with the client, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract and recognize revenues when or as we satisfy a performance obligation.

Inventory

Inventory consists of component inventory, work in progress and finished goods and consists of estimated revenue calculated on a percentage of completion based on direct labor and materials in relation to the total contract value.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The standard requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases in the balance sheet. Additionally, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) - Targeted Improvements, which, among other things, provides an additional transition method that would allow entities to not apply the guidance in ASU 2016-02 in the comparative periods presented in the financial statements and instead recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, operating lease liabilities - current, and operating lease liabilities - noncurrent on the balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities in our balance sheets.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we generally use our incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded on our balance sheet and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in our statement of operations.

JOBS Act

On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”) for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.

We have chosen to take advantage of the extended transition periods available to emerging growth companies under the JOBS Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies provided under the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates for complying with new or revised accounting standards.

We are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, as an “emerging growth company,” we intend to rely on certain of these exemptions, including without limitation, (i) providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and (ii) complying with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, known as the auditor discussion and analysis. We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more; (ii) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the completion of our initial public offering; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC.

BUSINESS

Company Overview

Founded in 2012, we are a vertically integrated provider of Space-as-a-Service solutions including end-to-end satellite support. The company combines mission critical hardware manufacturing; multi-disciplinary engineering services; satellite design, manufacture, launch planning, mission operations and in-orbit support; and space-based data collection with a vision to enable space flight heritage status for new technologies and deliver data and predictive analytics to both domestic and global customers. We have over ten (10) years of commercial, military and government manufacturing experience combined with space qualification experience, existing customers and pipeline, and International Space Station (ISS) heritage hardware.

In addition, we are building a Multi-Mission Satellite constellation using our hybrid 3D printed multipurpose satellite to provide continuous, near real-time Earth Observation and Internet-of-Things (IOT) data for the global space economy. We have designed and are manufacturing LizzieSat (LS) for its LEO satellite constellation operating in diverse orbits (28°-98° inclination, 300-650km altitude) as approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in February 2021. LS is expected to begin operations in 2023. Initial launches are planned via NASA CRS2 program agreement and launch service rideshare contracts. Each LS is 100kg with 20kg dedicated to payloads including remote sensing instruments. Payloads (Sidus or customer owned) can collect data over multiple Earth based locations, record it onboard, and downlink via ground passes to Sidus Mission Control Center (MCC) in Merritt Island, FL.

Leveraging our existing manufacturing operations, flight hardware manufacturing experience and commercial off the shelf subsystem hardware, we believe we can deliver customer sensors to orbit in months, rather than years. In addition, we intend on delivering high-impact data for insights on aviation, maritime, weather, space services, earth intelligence and observation, financial technology (Fintech) and the Internet of Things. While our business has historically been centered on the design and manufacture of space hardware, our expansion into manufacture of spacecraft as well as on-orbit constellation management services and space data applications has led us to innovating in the area of space data applications. We continue to patent our products including our satellites, external platforms and other innovations. Our offerings include a broad area of market sub-segments, such as:

Each of these areas and initiatives addresses a critical component of our cradle-to-grave solution and value proposition for the space economy as a Space-as-a-Service company. The majority of our revenues to date have been from our space related hardware manufacturing, however, 2022 revenue to date includes revenue related to our multi-mission constellation and our hybrid 3D printed LizzieSat satellite.

We support a broad range of international and domestic government and commercial companies with its hardware manufacturing including the Department of State, the Department of Defense, NASA, Collins Aerospace, Lockheed Martin, Teledyne Marine, Bechtel, and L3Harris in areas that include launch vehicles, satellite hardware, and autonomous underwater vehicles. Planned services that benefit not only current customers but additional such as Mission Helios include proving out space technologies and delivering space-based data that can provide critical insight for agriculture, commodities tracking, disaster assessment, illegal trafficking monitoring, energy, mining, oil and gas, fire monitoring, classification of vegetation, soil moisture, carbon mass, Maritime AIS, Aviation ADS, weather monitoring, and space services. We plan to own and operate one of the industry’s leading U.S. based low earth orbit (“LEO”) small satellite (“smallsat” or “smallsats”) constellations. Our operating strategy is to continue to enhance the capabilities of our satellite constellation, to increase our international and domestic partnerships and to expand our analytics offerings in order to increase the value we deliver to our customers. Our two operating assets—our satellite constellation and hardware manufacturing capability—are mutually reinforcing and are a result of years of heritage and innovation.

We plan to capitalize on a secular market shift away from static/low frequency satellite imaging and geospatial solutions toward on-demand access of real-time geospatial intelligence. Our strategy is to capitalize on the rapid growth and deployment of millions of low-cost GPS enabled terrestrial, IoT, and space based sensors to provide data to global customers in near real-time. As we are now entering a new commercial space age, the number of commercial sensors on orbit has expanded from a handful of large expensive commercial satellites just a few years ago to now hundreds and in the near future thousands of sensors that will ultimately change the way we see and understand our world. Our mission is to enable our existing and future customers to prove out new technologies for the space ecosystem rapidly and at low cost and also have access to space-based data on-demand for any problem set or business need. We believe we can deliver this at a lower cost than legacy providers due to our vertically integrated cost-efficiencies, capital efficient constellation design, and improved pricing models with improved data accessibility. We believe the combination of the proven flight heritage and years of industry experience of a traditional space company with the disruptive innovation of a new space startup such as our 3D printing of spacecraft and focus on intellectual property makes us very well positioned in the global space economy.

We are Aerospace Basic Quality System Standard (AS) 9100D certified, International Traffic in Arms (ITAR) registered, and have received approval of International Telecommunications Union (ITU) spectrum licensing for both X-Band and S-Band frequencies. We filed for X-band and S-band radio frequencies licensing in February 2021 and were granted approval through a published filing by the ITU on April 4, 2021. Our filing contains approved spectrum use for multiple X-Band and S-Band frequencies and five different orbital planes. Such licenses are held through Aurea Alas, Ltd., an Isle of Man company, a related party to Sidus Space. The ITU is the specialized agency responsible for principles and licensing of the use of orbit and spectrum. Before a satellite can use the spectrum and orbital resources it needs to fulfil its mission, it requires an associated ‘satellite filing’. The filing is a tool to obtain international recognition of these resources and it is a critical component to our offering, enabling users to demonstrate, test, and operate new technologies in space. Additionally, we have filed for a NOAA license related to our initial launch. Any delays in commencing our commercial launch operations, including due to delays or cost overruns in obtaining NOAA licenses or other regulatory approvals for future operations or frequency requirements, could adversely impact our results and growth plans.

Located in Cape Canaveral, Florida, also known as “The Space Coast,” we operate from a 35,000 square foot manufacturing, assembly, integration, and testing facility and as of July 31, 2022, employ 86 individuals with plans for additional growth over the next year.

We continually invest in innovative solutions and as of July 31, 2022 have 12 space related patents approved or pending, a portion of which ownership was transferred to us by our majority shareholder, Craig Technologies, at no charge. Our patented technology includes a print head for regolith-polymer mixture and associated feedstock; a heat transfer system for regolith; a method for establishing a wastewater bioreactor environment; vertical takeoff and landing pad and interlocking pavers to construct same; and high-load vacuum chamber motion feedthrough systems and methods. Regolith is a blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock. It includes dust, broken rocks, and other related materials and is present on Earth, the Moon, Mars, some asteroids, and other terrestrial planets and moons. We continue to patent our products including our satellites, external platforms and other innovations.

Our Growth Strategies

We are focused on empowering end users, developers, channel partners and the organizations they serve to quickly and easily access and integrate real-time geospatial intelligence into their daily operations and also prove out technologies to further grow the space ecosystem. Our growth strategy is driven by the following objectives:

Increase our overall customer base. We are an established heritage aerospace firm that is a part of the political and secular shift towards space-based data coming from commercial satellite and intelligence providers. We have the opportunity to expand our current customer base through a combination of direct and indirect sales strategies. We also plan to grow our direct sales teams and indirect sales channels.

Expand within our current customer base. As our space-as-as-service offerings grows and delivers results, we expect that our current customers will increase their spending on our services.

Continue to penetrate international markets. We have increased our focus on international markets. We have a current pipeline of prospective small underrepresented international governments and firms that can benefit from our support and services.

Grow distribution channels and channel partner ecosystem. We plan to invest in distribution channels and in our relationships with technology partners, solution providers, strategic global system integrators, solution partners, and value-added-resellers to help us enter into and expand in new markets while complementing our direct sales efforts. We have also established a Joint Cooperation and Marketing Agreement with Dhruva, India’s first private space company, to co-market, and sell our services in other countries.

Growing our experienced space hardware operations

We are on track to grow our space and defense hardware operations, with a goal of expanding to two and a half shifts with an increased customer base in the future. With current customers in space, marine, and defense industries, our contract revenue is growing, and we are in active discussions with numerous potential customers, including government agencies, large defense contractors and private companies, to add to our contracted revenue. In the past decade, we have fabricated Ground and Flight products for the NASA SLS Rocket and Mobile Launcher as well as other Commercial Space and Satellite companies. Customers supported include Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Dynetics/Leidos, Blue Origin, United Launch Alliance, Collins Aerospace, L3Harris, OneWeb and Space Systems Loral/Maxar. Various products have been manufactured including fluid, hydraulic and pneumatic systems, electrical control systems, cable harnesses, hardware lifting frames, umbilical plates, purge and hazardous gas disconnects, frangible bolts, reef cutters, wave guides, customized platforms, and other precision machined and electrical component parts for all types of Rocket, Ground, Flight and Satellite systems. In June 2022, we were notified that we were selected as a teammate with Collins Aerospace through the life cycle of the program as a major subcontractor during the period of performance of the NASA xEVAS contract and other contracts with independent commercial entities. The Exploration Extravehicular Activity Services, or xEVAS Program is expected to include the design, development, production, hardware processing, and sustainment of an integrated Extravehicular Activity (EVA) capability that includes a new Spacesuit and ancillary hardware, such as Vehicle Interface Equipment and EVA tools. This EVA capability is to be provided as a service for the NASA International Space Station (ISS), Artemis Program (Gateway and Human Landing System), and Commercial Space missions.

Commencing and Expanding Commercial Satellite Operations

Our goal is to help customers understand how space-based data can be impactful to day-to-day business. Our strategy includes increasing the demand downstream by starting out as end user focused. While others are focused on data verticalization strategy specializing on a key sectors or problem set, we believe that flexibility in production, low-cost bespoke design and ‘Bringing Space Down to Earth’ for consumers will provide a scalable model for growth. We are on track to meet planned milestones for our initial LizzieSat hybrid 3D printed satellite from the International Space Station, however, regarding our previous disclosure of the launch of our satellite at the end of 2022, we have recently been informed by NASA that our launch date has moved from Q4 2022 to Q1 2023. There is no expected impact to production milestones or 2022 revenue as a result of this change. This timeline continues to be dependent on the small satellite launch vehicle industry, weather and unforeseen launch conditions. Preliminary Design Review (PDR) was successfully completed in Q1 2022. Initial contracts for the ISS launch were signed in December of 2021 with NASA and Mission Helios, a blockchain company. We are in active discussions with numerous potential customers, including domestic and international government agencies, for payload hosting and data related to our planned satellite launches over the next 24 months.

Global Space Economy Overview

In recent years, the importance of the space economy has been growing as technological advances in both satellites and supporting terrestrial technologies have enabled new commercial use cases. These use cases include satellite broadband, remote imaging, Internet-of-Things (“IOT”)/Machine-to-Machine (“M2M”) communications, defense-related applications, as well as others. As a result, several new and existing operators have announced new satellite constellations to serve these use cases. Many of these announced constellations will consist of small LEO satellites rather than large GEO satellites. According to a October 2019 SpaceNews report, SpaceX alone has filed for up to 30,000, and Amazon and OneWeb have also announced plans to launch a significant number of satellites.

According to Morgan Stanley research, as reported in February 2021, the $350 billion global space industry could surge to over $1 trillion by 2040. In addition, Euroconsult expects that over the next decade, the total manufacturing and launch market value for small satellites is expected to reach $54.2 billion, more than three times the market value over 2011-2020. Although this indicates significant growth, it does not reflect the four-fold increase in the number of satellites resulting from the rise of cubesats, constellations and the introduction of low-cost systems for both manufacturing and launch, which will reduce average costs and market value.

Rapid growth in private investment in the commercial space industry has led to a wave of new companies reinventing major elements of the traditional space industry, including human spaceflight, satellites, and launch, in addition to unlocking entirely new market segments. Furthermore, government agencies have realized the value of the private commercial space industry and have become increasingly more supportive and reliant on private companies to catalyze innovation and advance national space objectives. In the United States, this has been evidenced by notable policy initiatives and by commercial contractors’ growing share of space activity.

Launch Market

We are witnessing a shift in the launch requirements of satellite operators, as the launch industry adjusts to the increasing volume of launches and the shift from larger satellites to small satellites. According to a study, conducted and published by the NASA Ames Research Center in 2016, in recent years, the satellite market has been undergoing a major evolution with new space companies replacing the traditional approach of deploying a few large, complex and costly satellites with a multitude of smaller, less complex and cheaper satellites. This new approach has created a sharp increase in the number of launched satellites and so the historic trends are no longer representative. Over the last 5 years, this increase has continued.

The launch industry’s initial response was the introduction of ridesharing, allowing multiple operators to share the cost of a large launch vehicle. This, combined with the emergence of new launch vehicles, reduced launch costs and increased access to space for small satellite operators. However, operators must wait until a particular rideshare is full for their launch. In addition, all small satellites on a single rideshare are delivered to a single orbital destination. From there, small satellites must either complete a time-consuming orbit raise to their desired orbit, requiring a significant on-board propulsion system or an in-space shuttle. While in-space shuttling reduces the need for satellite propulsion capability, shuttles add significant expense and take weeks or months to reach the desired orbit. The launch market will continue to evolve and we believe that many of these challenges related to desired orbit and timeline will be resolved and more options will be available to launch small satellites to meet the needs of the small satellite market.

Small Satellite Market

Another paradigm shift in the commercial space market is the rise of the small satellite market. Starting in 2018, the space industry began a dramatic transformation. Demand for large geosynchronous communications satellites dramatically declined as companies prepared to launch constellations consisting of hundreds or thousands of smaller, less expensive broadband satellites in low and medium Earth orbits. Euroconsult anticipates that approximately 13,910 satellites <500 kg will be launched in the next ten years, according to the 7th edition of its small satellite market report released in April 2021. This total represents a 38% increase over the 10,100 satellites that were expected in its previous edition.

Moreover, the rise of this market has also created a new market segment in nanosatellites and microsatellites, weighing less than 10 kg and between 10 and 100 kg, respectively. While these satellites can be deployed individually, they can also be operated as part of a constellation, a large group of satellites interconnected to provide a service, such as the Starlink satellite constellation’s offering of global internet connectivity. According to Euroconsult’s April 2021 small satellite market report, the next decade will be defined primarily by the rollout of multiple constellations, which will account for 84% of small satellites, mainly for commercial operators.

The number of small satellites launched has increased from 39 in 2011 to 1,202 in 2020. In just the period between 2019 to 2020 there has been over 300% growth going from 289 to 1202. According to a report published in 2021 by Bryce Space & Technology, 40% of all small satellites launched in last 10 years were launched in 2020.

The growth in the satellite constellations market is being driven by technological advances in ground equipment, new business models, expanded funding, and growing demand for high bandwidth and lower latency. Though this satellite constellation remains nascent in maturity, we anticipate considerable growth over the coming years in the launch industry as companies continue to seek versatile and low-cost ways to deliver single satellites to specific orbits, deploy their satellite constellations or solve their data needs through the use of existing space infrastructure. Furthermore, we anticipate the growth of the satellite constellations market to contribute business to our Satellite Services offerings. LEO satellite constellations have relatively short lifespans on orbit, resulting in a requirement to launch replenishment satellites every few years and therefore represents a recurring customer revenue stream.

According to Prospects for the Small Satellite Market - A Euroconsult Report 7th Edition April 2021, small satellites are often viewed by entrepreneurs as enablers of disruptive business models because of the growing data needs of the digital economy. Rapid, constant improvement of small satellites from one generation to the next means new capabilities and possibilities may constantly be developed. Further, investment in the space industry is still accelerating from 2020 and beyond. Vertically-integrated players attract the most funding because it is believed that in-house capabilities promote efficiencies, savings and flexibility. In the growing small satellite industry, with lower entry barriers and shorter timeframes, tangible investment opportunities in manufacturing are available. Between 2018 and 2020, start-ups involved in small satellite integration raised $1.4B (SpaceX excluded) while pure small satellite subsystems manufacturers, $0.2B. Among integrators, by far the most successful recipients of funding are vertically-integrated players who produce and operate their own constellation while directly providing service to the end user. Vertical integration becomes especially relevant when there is a recurring production need (e.g. limited lifetimes, need for cyclical replacements) and when economies of scale are possible. It can also be driven by the need to secure its supply chain and keeping key differentiators in house, or when no compatible supply is available.

Our Customers

To compete effectively in today’s data-driven market environment, organizations of all sizes and industries face a growing need for timely and affordable geospatial intelligence and analytics. To meet these customer demands, next generation geospatial intelligence platforms must have the ability to deliver situational awareness, location intelligence, and insights into events and activities as they are happening. Geospatial intelligence plays an increasingly critical role in decision making for government and commercial organizations. Our current customer base and end market mix are weighted towards U.S. and international defense and intelligence customers and markets. We believe there are significant opportunities to expand our imagery and software analytical services, as well as our engineering and systems integration offerings, to customers both domestically and internationally. In addition, our products and services can benefit customers in a variety of commercial markets including, but not limited to, energy and utilities, insurance, commodities, mining, manufacturing, logistics, agriculture, environmental monitoring, disaster and risk management, engineering and construction, and consumer behavior. Management classifies our customer base predominantly into two categories:

Government: We sell to multiple U.S. and foreign government agencies that span defense, intelligence, and federal and civilian agencies.

Commercial: Commercial customers represent a small but important portion of our business to date. We intend to expand and scale our sales to commercial customers by targeting a wide range of end markets in which we anticipate rapidly growing demand for geospatial intelligence, including energy and utilities, insurance, mining, manufacturing, agriculture, environmental, engineering and construction, commodities, and supply chain management. Other areas such as Crop moisture, commodities tracking, disaster assessment, illegal trafficking monitoring, Energy, mining, oil and gas, fire monitoring, classification of vegetation, soil moisture, carbon mass

Maritime AIS, Aviation ADS, weather monitoring, and space services.

Our Products and Services

Space Services

We provide the following services to our customers:

Satellite/Space Hardware Manufacturing

For over a decade, we have manufactured space-rated and human-rated hardware and components. During this time, we have provided components and systems for the International Space Station, the Boeing Starliner, NASA’s SLS, Lockheed Martin’s Orion, and several other programs and customers.

At a combined 35,000 square-feet, our manufacturing facilities are all encompassing allowing us to vertically integrate and pipeline the manufacturing process without the need for outsourcing of precision machining, electronics assembly and testing, or 3D printing.

LEO Launch and Deployment Services

We strive to become a trusted platform for providing an affordable approach for launch, payload hosting, and deployment services in space. Our planned diverse range of launch, in-orbit, and deployment platforms is intended to be tailored to complement any mission.

Space-Based Geospatial Intel, Imagery and Data Analytics

We anticipate delivering reliable high-impact analytics and insights to international and domestic customers by combining our platform with multiple imaging and sensor solutions to increase the efficacy and emergence of data. We intend to collect, analyze, enrich, and deliver data gathered from our custom constellation to provide intelligent analytics to its customers. Our comprehensive data collection is expected to create a repository of insights for aviation, maritime, weather, space services, earth intelligence and observation, and federal industries from the ultimate vantage point - space.

Space Platforms

We anticipate offering a variety of affordable space platforms which allow our clients to conduct full missions and/or test new technologies in space at a reduced schedule and cost. Our platforms include:

External Flight Test Platform (EFTP)

Our External Flight Test Platform offers multiple industries the opportunity to develop, test, and fly experiments, hardware, materials, and advanced electronics on the ISS at a reduced cost and schedule. Potential payloads include optical communications, materials, satellite components, electroplating, and pharmaceutical testing. The EFTP includes integration and delivery to the ISS and has a typical deployment period of 15 weeks. All payloads can be returned after the mission if requested by the payload provider. Our EFTP is characterized by:

LizzieSat^™ (LS)

LizzieSat (LS) is currently in development as a hybrid 3D manufactured Low Earth Orbit (LEO) microsatellite that focuses on rapid, cost-effective development and testing of innovative spacecraft technologies for multiple customers combined with delivery of space-based data for multiple industries. LS is planned to combine static component testing and LEO spacecraft development and deployment to provide complete life cycle services to commercial and government customers for Internal Research & Development (IR&D), data analytics and/or proof of concept. We anticipate that LS will leverage our in-house low-cost additive manufacturing of satellites using the Markforged X7, an industrial 3D printer featuring a dual nozzle print system that supports continuous carbon fiber and Kevlar reinforcement, to provide rapid, agile development of spacecraft due to its modular design.

Controlling the satellite production process from design through manufacturing enables us to upgrade our satellites during production and also integrate customer technologies at varying points during the build process. This allows us to continuously improve our satellites’ capabilities as well as build out and maintain our constellation at a relatively low cost.

SSIKLOPS (Space Station Integrated Kinetic Launcher for Orbital Payload Systems)

We provide turnkey services to manage and execute the successful integration and on-orbit operations of satellite payloads using the International Space Station Integrated Kinetic Launcher for Orbital Payload Systems (SSIKLOPS). SSIKLOPS fills the payload deployment gap between small CubeSat launchers and major payloads by supporting the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) microsatellite market (up to 116kg). The SSIKLOPS is a mechanism used to robotically deploy satellites from the ISS and is designed to provide a method to transfer internally stowed satellites to the external environment.

On November 5, 2018, we were awarded a 5-year indefinite delivery indefinite quantity contract by NASA to provide services to manage and perform the work for the successful integration and on-orbit operations of the platform for U.S. government customers with the option to utilize the platform for commercial efforts as well. Pursuant to the agreement, we are responsible for marketing and operating the SSIKLOPS as well as sustaining the SSIKLOPS and associated hardware.

Our offerings include operation, engineering, and manufacturing to provide full life-cycle payload support. SSIKLOPS utilizes NASA’s ISS resupply vehicles to launch small satellites to the ISS in a controlled pressurized environment in soft stow bags. The satellites are processed through the ISS pressurized environment by the astronaut crew allowing satellite system diagnostics prior to orbit insertion. Orbit insertion is achieved through use of the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Experiment Module Robotic Airlock (JEM Airlock), and one of the ISS Robotic Arms. Sidus and SSIKLOPS provide small satellites the infrastructure to be deployed from the ISS into LEO with minimal technical, environmental, logistical, and cost challenges.

Phoenix Deployer

Phoenix is currently in development as a CubeSat deployer utilizing the SSIKLOPS deployment platform to deploy CubeSats from the ISS. Phoenix offers a low-cost and high availability deployer option for CubeSats within the 3U to 12U range. U refers to the standard ‘Cubesat’ dimensions (Units or “U”) of 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm which are used to describe space on spacecraft). We anticipate that Phoenix will offer:

Aerospace and Defense Manufacturing Services

Our manufacturing capabilities combine our design engineering, precision machining, waterjet cutting, and wire harness fabrication experience to provide the highest quality and performance for mission critical systems.

Precision Machining and Assembly

Our growing team of engineers and technicians, combined with state-of-the-art equipment support precision machining, fabrication, and assembly for prototypes, test articles, one-offs, low-rate initial production up through high volume Swiss screw machining production. We utilize the latest CNC machining and turning processes to deliver high-quality, complex and on-demand parts for specialized industries including the space sector.

3D Printing

From early-stage product development to functional finished parts, Sidus offers commercial and industrial-grade additive manufacturing solutions. Our 3D printers enable us to provide rapid manufacturing with industrial micron-level laser scanning accuracy and 50 µm repeatability. Using Continuous Fiber Fabrication technology, we can produce parts at an enhanced schedule that are stronger than 6061 Aluminum and 40% lighter. Sidus provides internal engineering support to optimize the functional performance, product life cycle, and accuracy of its customers’ specific 3D printed technology to ensure repeatability and consistency across prints. Our 3D printing capabilities include:

Mechanical/Electrical Assembly and Test

As part of our 35,000 square foot manufacturing facility, we have a reconfigurable electronics and cable harness fabrication lab with the necessary equipment, staff and square footage to produce space flight and ground cables and electronic chassis. Our experience and capabilities include manufacturing, assembly and testing of a wide selection of electrical control cabinet and electronic cabinet modification and fabrication processes. We have extensive experience assembling electronics, including soldering, crimping, multi-pinned connector terminations, fusion splicing, molding, potting, and testing.

Certifications include NASA 8739.4, NASA 8739.5, J STD 001 and IPC A 610. Our IPC-J-STD-001 accredited technicians adhere to NASA work standards KSC-E-165, KSC-GP-864, KSC-STD-132, all required for NASA 8739.4 credentials with other industry-standard certifications.

Design Engineering

We provide quality in-house design engineering services from up-front analysis to integration, assembly, and test. Our ISO 9001:2015 / AS9100D certified engineering capabilities include the ability to perform initial design concepts or value-add engineering change recommendations to existing engineering. Our multidisciplinary engineering experience and talent cover a broad spectrum of capabilities, enabling an even more comprehensive range of projects. Our design engineering capabilities include:

Program Management

We provide Program and Project Management to help improve project performance and provide oversight of complex projects and contracts through day-to-day support and expert knowledge. With a business culture that always puts the customer first, we provide dedicated project management services throughout the lifecycle of our customer’s project or program to ensure the project goes according to schedule. Program management services include:

Customer / Market Research

The need to provide commercial testing capabilities in space has been growing for many years and has become a requirement for many innovating companies. According to the Prospectus for the Small Satellite Market, 7th Edition released in April of 2021, Euroconsult anticipates that about 13,910 satellites <500 kg will be launched in the next ten years, according to the 7th edition of its small satellite market report. This total represents a 38% increase over the 10,100 satellites that were expected in its previous edition. The small satellite industry is gearing up for significant expansion in terms of capabilities and demand, with the number of satellites to be launched growing four-fold over 2021-2030, citing growth in manufacturing, launch and operations, and increasing government budgets for space. As the small satellite market grows, the requirement for rapid flight proven testing is becoming more crucial. Although ground-based testing is available, it does not provide a mirrored testing environment for spacecraft and subcomponent testing. We intend to address this need with our Sidus Constellation. Furthermore, customization of the Sidus Constellation with appropriate technology can provide subscription data and imagery services for customers whose needs prompt consideration for a separate constellation. Currently, our core market corresponds most directly with satellite manufacturing and offering LEO space-as-a-service solutions. However, we believe our addressable market can also continue to expand in similar and adjacent industries such as government and defense manufacturing. We have generated space-related manufacturing revenue since 2012, and we have been generating revenue from our commercial constellation space offering since the first quarter of 2022 as we continue to finalize customers for LizzieSat-1 (LS-1). LS-1 is currently manifested to be launched from the ISS utilizing our SSIKLOPS platform which is currently onboard the ISS.

Environmental, social, and corporate governance

While Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) reporting is not mandatory, we are developing an ESG policy that will implement the tracking of several indicators we believe are critical to ensure we are doing our part to continue sustainable growth and maximize shareholder value. We have been in business for ten years manufacturing space hardware and components, and in that time, implementation of policies and processes to mitigate environmental impact have been of upmost importance. Furthermore, since our inception, we have recognized the value of our employees and have always prioritized employee well-being through facets such as excellent benefits, programs, educational assistance, and insurance of a safe and healthy work environment. We also understand that our efforts to promote value and well -being are not limited to our employees. We are committed to the communities we belong to both locally and professionally. We recently started to formalize this commitment, providing tangible benefits back to the community that supports us.

Environmental

As the global awareness and importance of environmental sustainability increases, we recognize our duty to implement developments that not only facilitate the evolution of aerospace solutions, but also promote environmentally conscious protocols yielding measurable results toward the conservation of our planet. A key component of our focus on sustainability is found in our utilization of in-house 3D printing technology as a primary manufacturing asset. The development of 3D printing is host to a variety of manufacturing improvements but perhaps the chief benefits are seen in its reduction of environmental strain. Our LizzieSat constellation will contribute to this reduced impact as a portion of the satellite bus is 3D printed.

Manufacturing parts with a 3D printer reduces overall energy consumption and waste, reducing our carbon footprint compared to its predecessor of conventional machining. Additional benefits include the removal of waste and unnecessary energy associated with conventional machining, often resulting in the production of more scrapped material per part than the material that part is composed of. While these are the biggest impacts, the effects to can be seen in smaller scales. Due to the massive reduction in weight 3D printing provides, energy spent using cargo ships and commercial vehicles for transportation sees a significant decrease. This reduction in weight is accompanied by a reduction in space requirements for housing the material, cutting out the need for large storage spaces and the energy needed to maintain those facilities.

Looking toward the future, the potential for exciting developments in the field of sustainability are of upmost importance. These developments include the use of more biodegradable and/or recycled materials that can be used to manufacture parts and further benefit the environment. Until these developments occur, we are doing our part through the practice of recycling roughly 5,000 lbs. of metal a year coupled with the recycling of any used oil and coolant. As technologies continue to advance, we remain dedicated to preserving the Earth and continuing to evolve with newer technologies as they develop.

Social

We recognize the importance of our employees, the community with which we are situated as well as the global community. This recognition has led us to implement a variety of actions that support society from the individual to global scale.

Employee well-being is at the heart of our commitment to provide a positive impact on all. With our core values being rooted in a familial and communal structure, we uphold these values by offering our employees excellent benefits, programs, educational assistance, and insurance of a safe and healthy work environment for all employees. We understand the importance of diversity in the workplace, because it was built by diversity. Being a service-disabled, veteran-owned, woman-owned, and Hispanic minority-owned business reflects the open and diverse environment we provide to all who are a part of it.

Community on all scales is fundamental to our success, and because of that, we are committed to leaving a lasting impact on the community that supports us. This commitment brought forth Sidus Serves, our way of actively improving life on earth. Community involvement is key to our culture, and we believe in the power of volunteerism. We actively invest in the communities of our employees’ by supporting K-12 education, providing military and veteran assistance, environmental stewardship, and volunteering at local non-profit organizations. We, and our employees are passionate about the improvement of their communities through individual efforts and partnership with local, regional, and national organizations. We are proud to support local STEM programs and schools in local communities. We are focused on bridging the gap in the aerospace field by supporting young professional through establishing partnerships with several organizations dedicated to providing STEM learning opportunities to a diverse array of students.

Governance

Our governance structure is designed to promote transparency, efficiency, and ethics. Through a qualified and diverse chain of command, we are confident that our decision making will carry out performance at the highest degree. Our Board of Directors consists of professionals with strong executive experience, business strategy and leadership skills. Our board consists of 3 independent directors alongside our CEO and CTO including 2 women.

Sales and Marketing

We market our services to both government and commercial customers. Initially we are leveraging our existing relationships to help promote our expanded service offerings. We believe our executive management team has extensive reach in the space and satellite industry. Our Chief Sales and Revenue Officer focuses on new business sales, installed client base sales, marketing, and partner strategy.

Our marketing efforts focus on communicating the benefits of our solutions and educating our customers, the media and analysts about the advantages of our innovative technology. We strive to raise the awareness of our company, market our products and generate sales leads through industry events, public relations efforts, marketing materials, social media and our website. Attendance at key industry events is an important component of our marketing efforts. Our CEO, Carol Craig, has been invited to speak and participate in panel discussions at industry events and will continue to take advantage of these opportunities to spread awareness of our services. We believe a combination of these efforts strengthens our brand and may enhance our market position in our industry.

Competition

The small satellite services industry at-large is highly competitive but has significant barriers to entry, including the cost and difficulty associated with successfully developing, building, and launching a satellite constellation and obtaining various governmental and regulatory approvals. In addition to cost, there is a significant amount of lead time associated with obtaining the required licenses, building, and launching the satellite constellation, and developing and deploying the ground station technology. We currently face substantial general competition from other service providers that offer a range of space-based data collection options. There are also several competitors working to develop innovative solutions to compete in this industry.